rt_util.c

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/*
 *
 * WKTRaster - Raster Types for PostGIS
 * http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/wiki/WKTRaster
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2011-2013 Regents of the University of California
 *   <bkpark@ucdavis.edu>
 * Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Jorge Arevalo <jorge.arevalo@deimos-space.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2010-2011 David Zwarg <dzwarg@azavea.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Pierre Racine <pierre.racine@sbf.ulaval.ca>
 * Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Mateusz Loskot <mateusz@loskot.net>
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Sandro Santilli <strk@kbt.io>
 * Copyright (C) 2025 Darafei Praliaskouski <me@komzpa.net>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 *
 */
 
#include "librtcore.h"
#include "librtcore_internal.h"
#include "optionlist.h"
 
uint8_t
rt_util_clamp_to_1BB(double value) {
    return (uint8_t)fmin(fmax((value), 0), POSTGIS_RT_1BBMAX);
}
 
uint8_t
rt_util_clamp_to_2BUI(double value) {
    return (uint8_t)fmin(fmax((value), 0), POSTGIS_RT_2BUIMAX);
}
 
uint8_t
rt_util_clamp_to_4BUI(double value) {
    return (uint8_t)fmin(fmax((value), 0), POSTGIS_RT_4BUIMAX);
}
 
int8_t
rt_util_clamp_to_8BSI(double value) {
    return (int8_t)fmin(fmax((value), SCHAR_MIN), SCHAR_MAX);
}
 
uint8_t
rt_util_clamp_to_8BUI(double value) {
    return (uint8_t)fmin(fmax((value), 0), UCHAR_MAX);
}
 
int16_t
rt_util_clamp_to_16BSI(double value) {
    return (int16_t)fmin(fmax((value), SHRT_MIN), SHRT_MAX);
}
 
uint16_t
rt_util_clamp_to_16BUI(double value) {
    return (uint16_t)fmin(fmax((value), 0), USHRT_MAX);
}
 
int32_t
rt_util_clamp_to_32BSI(double value) {
    return (int32_t)fmin(fmax((value), INT_MIN), INT_MAX);
}
 
uint32_t
rt_util_clamp_to_32BUI(double value) {
    return (uint32_t)fmin(fmax((value), 0), UINT_MAX);
}
 
float
rt_util_clamp_to_32F(double value) {
        if (isnan(value))
                return value;
        return (float)fmin(fmax((value), -FLT_MAX), FLT_MAX);
}
 
float
rt_util_clamp_to_16F(double value)
{
        /*
         * GDAL exposes Float16 samples as raw 16-bit words, so we clamp to the
         * representable range before packing them manually rather than
         * depending on a runtime helper.
         */
        if (isnan(value))
                return (float)value;
        return (float)fmin(fmax((value), -POSTGIS_RT_16F_MAX), POSTGIS_RT_16F_MAX);
}
 
uint16_t
rt_util_float_to_float16(float value)
{
        /*
         * Manual half-float conversion keeps raster I/O independent of GDAL's
         * optional Float16 helpers while preserving IEEE semantics.
         */
        union {
                float f;
                uint32_t u;
        } v;
 
        v.f = value;
 
        uint32_t sign = (v.u >> 16) & 0x8000U;
        uint32_t mantissa = v.u & 0x7fffffU;
        int32_t exponent = ((int32_t)((v.u >> 23) & 0xffU)) - 127 + 15;
 
        if (exponent <= 0)
        {
                if (exponent < -10)
                        return (uint16_t)sign;
 
                mantissa = (mantissa | 0x800000U) >> (uint32_t)(1 - exponent);
                return (uint16_t)(sign | ((mantissa + 0x1000U) >> 13));
        }
 
        if (exponent >= 31)
                return (uint16_t)(sign | 0x7c00U | (mantissa ? 0x200U : 0));
 
        return (uint16_t)(sign | ((uint32_t)exponent << 10) | ((mantissa + 0x1000U) >> 13));
}
 
float
rt_util_float16_to_float(uint16_t value)
{
        union {
                uint32_t u;
                float f;
        } v;
 
        uint32_t sign = (uint32_t)(value & 0x8000U) << 16;
        uint32_t exponent = (value >> 10) & 0x1fU;
        uint32_t mantissa = value & 0x3ffU;
 
        if (exponent == 0)
        {
                if (mantissa == 0)
                {
                        v.u = sign;
                }
                else
                {
                        exponent = 1;
                        while ((mantissa & 0x400U) == 0)
                        {
                                mantissa <<= 1;
                                exponent--;
                        }
                        mantissa &= 0x3ffU;
                        v.u = sign | ((exponent + 127 - 15) << 23) | (mantissa << 13);
                }
        }
        else if (exponent == 31)
        {
                v.u = sign | 0x7f800000U | (mantissa << 13);
        }
        else
        {
                v.u = sign | ((exponent + 127 - 15) << 23) | (mantissa << 13);
        }
 
        return v.f;
}
 
GDALResampleAlg
rt_util_gdal_resample_alg(const char *algname) {
        assert(algname != NULL && strlen(algname) > 0);
 
        if (strcmp(algname, "NEARESTNEIGHBOUR") == 0)
                return GRA_NearestNeighbour;
        else if (strcmp(algname, "NEARESTNEIGHBOR") == 0)
                return GRA_NearestNeighbour;
        else if (strcmp(algname, "BILINEAR") == 0)
                return GRA_Bilinear;
        else if (strcmp(algname, "CUBICSPLINE") == 0)
                return GRA_CubicSpline;
        else if (strcmp(algname, "CUBIC") == 0)
                return GRA_Cubic;
        else if (strcmp(algname, "LANCZOS") == 0)
                return GRA_Lanczos;
        else if (strcmp(algname, "MAX") == 0)
                return GRA_Max;
        else if (strcmp(algname, "MIN") == 0)
                return GRA_Min;
        return GRA_NearestNeighbour;
}
 
GDALDataType
rt_util_pixtype_to_gdal_datatype(rt_pixtype pt) {
        switch (pt) {
                case PT_1BB:
                case PT_2BUI:
                case PT_4BUI:
                case PT_8BUI:
                        return GDT_Byte;
                case PT_8BSI:
#if POSTGIS_GDAL_VERSION >= 30700
                        return GDT_Int8;
#endif
                case PT_16BSI:
                        return GDT_Int16;
                case PT_16BUI:
                        return GDT_UInt16;
                case PT_32BSI:
                        return GDT_Int32;
                case PT_32BUI:
                        return GDT_UInt32;
#if POSTGIS_GDAL_VERSION >= 31100 && defined(GDT_Float16)
                case PT_16BF:
                        return GDT_Float16;
#endif
                case PT_32BF:
                        return GDT_Float32;
                case PT_64BF:
                        return GDT_Float64;
                default:
                        return GDT_Unknown;
        }
 
        return GDT_Unknown;
}
 
rt_pixtype
rt_util_gdal_datatype_to_pixtype(GDALDataType gdt) {
        switch (gdt) {
                case GDT_Byte:
                        return PT_8BUI;
#if POSTGIS_GDAL_VERSION >= 30700
                case GDT_Int8:
                        return PT_8BSI;
#endif
                case GDT_UInt16:
                        return PT_16BUI;
                case GDT_Int16:
                        return PT_16BSI;
                case GDT_UInt32:
                        return PT_32BUI;
                case GDT_Int32:
                        return PT_32BSI;
                case GDT_Float32:
                        return PT_32BF;
                case GDT_Float64:
                        return PT_64BF;
#if POSTGIS_GDAL_VERSION >= 31100 && defined(GDT_Float16)
                case GDT_Float16:
                        return PT_16BF;
#endif
                default:
                        return PT_END;
                }
 
                return PT_END;
}
 
/*
        get GDAL runtime version information
*/
const char*
rt_util_gdal_version(const char *request) {
        if (NULL == request || !strlen(request))
                return GDALVersionInfo("RELEASE_NAME");
        else
                return GDALVersionInfo(request);
}
 
/*
        computed extent type
*/
rt_extenttype
rt_util_extent_type(const char *name) {
        assert(name != NULL && strlen(name) > 0);
 
        if (strcmp(name, "UNION") == 0)
                return ET_UNION;
        else if (strcmp(name, "FIRST") == 0)
                return ET_FIRST;
        else if (strcmp(name, "SECOND") == 0)
                return ET_SECOND;
        else if (strcmp(name, "LAST") == 0)
                return ET_LAST;
        else if (strcmp(name, "CUSTOM") == 0)
                return ET_CUSTOM;
        else
                return ET_INTERSECTION;
}
 
/*
        convert the spatial reference string from a GDAL recognized format to either WKT or Proj4
*/
char*
rt_util_gdal_convert_sr(const char *srs, int proj4) {
        OGRSpatialReferenceH hsrs;
        char *rtn = NULL;
 
        assert(srs != NULL);
 
        hsrs = OSRNewSpatialReference(NULL);
        if (OSRSetFromUserInput(hsrs, srs) == OGRERR_NONE) {
                if (proj4)
                        OSRExportToProj4(hsrs, &rtn);
                else
                        OSRExportToWkt(hsrs, &rtn);
        }
        else {
                rterror("rt_util_gdal_convert_sr: Could not process the provided srs: %s", srs);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        OSRDestroySpatialReference(hsrs);
        if (rtn == NULL) {
                rterror("rt_util_gdal_convert_sr: Could not process the provided srs: %s", srs);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        return rtn;
}
 
/*
        is the spatial reference string supported by GDAL
*/
int
rt_util_gdal_supported_sr(const char *srs) {
        OGRSpatialReferenceH hsrs;
        OGRErr rtn = OGRERR_NONE;
 
        assert(srs != NULL);
 
        hsrs = OSRNewSpatialReference(NULL);
        rtn = OSRSetFromUserInput(hsrs, srs);
        OSRDestroySpatialReference(hsrs);
 
        if (rtn == OGRERR_NONE)
                return 1;
        else
                return 0;
}
 
rt_errorstate
rt_util_gdal_sr_auth_info(GDALDatasetH hds, char **authname, char **authcode) {
        const char *srs = NULL;
 
        assert(authname != NULL);
        assert(authcode != NULL);
 
        *authname = NULL;
        *authcode = NULL;
 
        srs = GDALGetProjectionRef(hds);
        if (srs != NULL && srs[0] != '\0') {
                OGRSpatialReferenceH hSRS = OSRNewSpatialReference(NULL);
 
                if (OSRSetFromUserInput(hSRS, srs) == OGRERR_NONE) {
                        const char* pszAuthorityName = OSRGetAuthorityName(hSRS, NULL);
                        const char* pszAuthorityCode = OSRGetAuthorityCode(hSRS, NULL);
 
                        if (pszAuthorityName != NULL && pszAuthorityCode != NULL) {
                                size_t authorityName_len = strlen(pszAuthorityName) +1;
                                size_t authorityCode_len = strlen(pszAuthorityCode) + 1;
                                *authname = rtalloc(sizeof(char) * authorityName_len);
                                *authcode = rtalloc(sizeof(char) * authorityCode_len);
 
                                if (*authname == NULL || *authcode == NULL) {
                                        rterror("rt_util_gdal_sr_auth_info: Could not allocate memory for auth name and code");
                                        if (*authname != NULL) rtdealloc(*authname);
                                        if (*authcode != NULL) rtdealloc(*authcode);
                                        OSRDestroySpatialReference(hSRS);
                                        return ES_ERROR;
                                }
 
                                strncpy(*authname, pszAuthorityName, authorityName_len);
                                strncpy(*authcode, pszAuthorityCode, authorityCode_len);
                        }
                }
 
                OSRDestroySpatialReference(hSRS);
        }
 
        return ES_NONE;
}
 
/*
        is GDAL configured correctly?
*/
int rt_util_gdal_configured(void) {
 
        /* set of EPSG codes */
        if (!rt_util_gdal_supported_sr("EPSG:4326"))
                return 0;
        if (!rt_util_gdal_supported_sr("EPSG:4269"))
                return 0;
        if (!rt_util_gdal_supported_sr("EPSG:4267"))
                return 0;
        if (!rt_util_gdal_supported_sr("EPSG:3310"))
                return 0;
 
        return 1;
}
 
/*
        register all GDAL drivers
*/
int
rt_util_gdal_register_all(int force_register_all) {
        static int registered = 0;
 
        if (registered && !force_register_all) {
                RASTER_DEBUG(3, "Already called once... not calling GDALAllRegister");
                return 0;
        }
 
        RASTER_DEBUG(3, "Calling GDALAllRegister");
        GDALAllRegister();
        registered = 1;
 
        return 1;
}
 
/*
        is the driver registered?
*/
int
rt_util_gdal_driver_registered(const char *drv) {
        int count = GDALGetDriverCount();
        int i = 0;
        GDALDriverH hdrv = NULL;
 
        if (drv == NULL || !strlen(drv) || count < 1)
                return 0;
 
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                hdrv = GDALGetDriver(i);
                if (hdrv == NULL) continue;
 
                if (strcmp(drv, GDALGetDriverShortName(hdrv)) == 0)
                        return 1;
        }
 
        return 0;
}
 
/* variable for PostgreSQL GUC: postgis.gdal_enabled_drivers */
char *gdal_enabled_drivers = NULL;
 
 
 
/*
        wrapper for GDALOpen and GDALOpenShared
*/
GDALDatasetH
rt_util_gdal_open(
        const char *fn,
        GDALAccess fn_access,
        int shared
) {
        char *vsi_options_str = rtoptions("gdal_vsi_options");
 
        /* Parse vsi options string */
        if (vsi_options_str && strlen(vsi_options_str) > 0) {
                size_t sz;
                char *olist[OPTION_LIST_SIZE];
                rtinfo("postgis.gdal_vsi_options is set");
                memset(olist, 0, sizeof(olist));
                option_list_parse(vsi_options_str, olist);
                sz = option_list_length(olist);
                if (sz % 2 == 0) {
                        size_t i;
                        for (i = 0; i < sz; i += 2)
                        {
                                char *key = olist[i];
                                char *val = olist[i+1];
                                /* GDAL_SKIP is where the disallowed drivers are set */
                                /* We cannot allow user-level over-ride of that config option */
                                if (strcmp(key, "gdal_skip") == 0) {
                                        rtwarn("Unable to set GDAL_SKIP config option");
                                        continue;
                                }
                                rtinfo("CPLSetConfigOption(%s)", key);
                                CPLSetConfigOption(key, val);
                        }
                }
        }
 
        unsigned int open_flags;
        assert(NULL != fn);
 
        if (gdal_enabled_drivers != NULL) {
                if (strstr(gdal_enabled_drivers, GDAL_DISABLE_ALL) != NULL) {
                        rterror("rt_util_gdal_open: Cannot open file. All GDAL drivers disabled");
                        return NULL;
                }
                else if (strstr(gdal_enabled_drivers, GDAL_ENABLE_ALL) != NULL) {
                        /* do nothing */
                }
                else if (
                        (strstr(fn, "/vsi") != NULL) &&
                        (strstr(fn, "/vsimem") == NULL) &&
                        (strstr(gdal_enabled_drivers, GDAL_VSICURL) == NULL)
                ) {
                        rterror("rt_util_gdal_open: Cannot open %s file. %s disabled", GDAL_VSICURL, GDAL_VSICURL);
                        return NULL;
                }
        }
 
        open_flags = GDAL_OF_RASTER
                | GDAL_OF_VERBOSE_ERROR
                | (fn_access == GA_Update ? GDAL_OF_UPDATE : 0)
                | (shared ? GDAL_OF_SHARED : 0);
 
        return GDALOpenEx(fn /* filename */,
                open_flags,
                NULL, /* allowed drivers */
                NULL, /* open options */
                NULL  /* sibling files */
                );
}
 
void
rt_util_from_ogr_envelope(
        OGREnvelope     env,
        rt_envelope *ext
) {
        assert(ext != NULL);
 
        ext->MinX = env.MinX;
        ext->MaxX = env.MaxX;
        ext->MinY = env.MinY;
        ext->MaxY = env.MaxY;
 
        ext->UpperLeftX = env.MinX;
        ext->UpperLeftY = env.MaxY;
}
 
void
rt_util_to_ogr_envelope(
        rt_envelope ext,
        OGREnvelope     *env
) {
        assert(env != NULL);
 
        env->MinX = ext.MinX;
        env->MaxX = ext.MaxX;
        env->MinY = ext.MinY;
        env->MaxY = ext.MaxY;
}
 
LWPOLY *
rt_util_envelope_to_lwpoly(
        rt_envelope env
) {
        LWPOLY *npoly = NULL;
        POINTARRAY **rings = NULL;
        POINTARRAY *pts = NULL;
        POINT4D p4d;
 
        rings = (POINTARRAY **) rtalloc(sizeof (POINTARRAY*));
        if (!rings) {
                rterror("rt_util_envelope_to_lwpoly: Out of memory building envelope's geometry");
                return NULL;
        }
        rings[0] = ptarray_construct(0, 0, 5);
        if (!rings[0]) {
                rterror("rt_util_envelope_to_lwpoly: Out of memory building envelope's geometry ring");
                return NULL;
        }
 
        pts = rings[0];
 
        /* Upper-left corner (first and last points) */
        p4d.x = env.MinX;
        p4d.y = env.MaxY;
        ptarray_set_point4d(pts, 0, &p4d);
        ptarray_set_point4d(pts, 4, &p4d);
 
        /* Upper-right corner (we go clockwise) */
        p4d.x = env.MaxX;
        p4d.y = env.MaxY;
        ptarray_set_point4d(pts, 1, &p4d);
 
        /* Lower-right corner */
        p4d.x = env.MaxX;
        p4d.y = env.MinY;
        ptarray_set_point4d(pts, 2, &p4d);
 
        /* Lower-left corner */
        p4d.x = env.MinX;
        p4d.y = env.MinY;
        ptarray_set_point4d(pts, 3, &p4d);
 
        npoly = lwpoly_construct(SRID_UNKNOWN, 0, 1, rings);
        if (npoly == NULL) {
                rterror("rt_util_envelope_to_lwpoly: Could not build envelope's geometry");
                return NULL;
        }
 
        return npoly;
}
 
int
rt_util_same_geotransform_matrix(double *gt1, double *gt2) {
        int k = 0;
 
        if (gt1 == NULL || gt2 == NULL)
                return FALSE;
 
        for (k = 0; k < 6; k++) {
                if (FLT_NEQ(gt1[k], gt2[k]))
                        return FALSE;
        }
 
        return TRUE;
}
 
/* coordinates in RGB and HSV are floating point values between 0 and 1 */
rt_errorstate
rt_util_rgb_to_hsv(double rgb[3], double hsv[3]) {
        int i;
 
        double minc;
        double maxc;
 
        double h = 0.;
        double s = 0.;
        double v = 0.;
 
        minc = rgb[0];
        maxc = rgb[0];
 
        /* get min and max values from RGB */
        for (i = 1; i < 3; i++) {
                if (rgb[i] > maxc)
                        maxc = rgb[i];
                if (rgb[i] < minc)
                        minc = rgb[i];
        }
        v = maxc;
 
        if (maxc != minc) {
                double diff = 0.;
                double rc = 0.;
                double gc = 0.;
                double bc = 0.;
                double junk = 0.;
 
                diff = maxc - minc;
                s = diff / maxc;
                rc = (maxc - rgb[0]) / diff;
                gc = (maxc - rgb[1]) / diff;
                bc = (maxc - rgb[2]) / diff;
 
                if (DBL_EQ(rgb[0], maxc))
                        h = bc - gc;
                else if (DBL_EQ(rgb[1], maxc))
                        h = 2.0 + rc - bc;
                else
                        h = 4.0 + gc - rc;
 
                h = modf((h / 6.0), &junk);
        }
 
        hsv[0] = h;
        hsv[1] = s;
        hsv[2] = v;
 
        return ES_NONE;
}
 
/* coordinates in RGB and HSV are floating point values between 0 and 1 */
rt_errorstate
rt_util_hsv_to_rgb(double hsv[3], double rgb[3]) {
        double r = 0;
        double g = 0;
        double b = 0;
        double v = hsv[2];
 
        if (DBL_EQ(hsv[1], 0.))
                r = g = b = v;
        else {
                double i;
                double f;
                double p;
                double q;
                double t;
 
                int a;
 
                i = floor(hsv[0] * 6.);
                f = (hsv[0] * 6.0) - i;
                p = v * (1. - hsv[1]);
                q = v * (1. - hsv[1] * f);
                t = v * (1. - hsv[1] * (1. - f));
 
                a = (int) i;
                switch (a) {
                        case 1:
                                r = q;
                                g = v;
                                b = p;
                                break;
                        case 2:
                                r = p;
                                g = v;
                                b = t;
                                break;
                        case 3:
                                r = p;
                                g = q;
                                b = v;
                                break;
                        case 4:
                                r = t;
                                g = p;
                                b = v;
                                break;
                        case 5:
                                r = v;
                                g = p;
                                b = q;
                                break;
                        case 0:
                        case 6:
                        default:
                                r = v;
                                g = t;
                                b = p;
                                break;
                }
        }
 
        rgb[0] = r;
        rgb[1] = g;
        rgb[2] = b;
 
        return ES_NONE;
}
 
int
rt_util_dbl_trunc_warning(
        double initialvalue,
        int32_t checkvalint, uint32_t checkvaluint,
        float checkvalfloat, double checkvaldouble,
        rt_pixtype pixtype
) {
        int result = 0;
 
        switch (pixtype) {
                case PT_1BB:
                case PT_2BUI:
                case PT_4BUI:
                case PT_8BSI:
                case PT_8BUI:
                case PT_16BSI:
                case PT_16BUI:
                case PT_32BSI: {
                        if (fabs(checkvalint - initialvalue) >= 1) {
#if POSTGIS_RASTER_WARN_ON_TRUNCATION > 0
                                rtwarn("Value set for %s band got clamped from %f to %d",
                                        rt_pixtype_name(pixtype),
                                        initialvalue, checkvalint
                                );
#endif
                                result = 1;
                        }
                        else if (checkvalint != initialvalue)
                        {
#if POSTGIS_RASTER_WARN_ON_TRUNCATION > 0
                                rtwarn("Value set for %s band got truncated from %f to %d",
                                        rt_pixtype_name(pixtype),
                                        initialvalue, checkvalint
                                );
#endif
                                result = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                }
                case PT_32BUI: {
                        if (fabs(checkvaluint - initialvalue) >= 1)
                        {
#if POSTGIS_RASTER_WARN_ON_TRUNCATION > 0
                                rtwarn("Value set for %s band got clamped from %f to %u",
                                       rt_pixtype_name(pixtype),
                                       initialvalue,
                                       checkvaluint);
#endif
                                result = 1;
                        }
                        else if (checkvaluint != initialvalue)
                        {
#if POSTGIS_RASTER_WARN_ON_TRUNCATION > 0
                                rtwarn("Value set for %s band got truncated from %f to %u",
                                        rt_pixtype_name(pixtype),
                                        initialvalue, checkvaluint
                                );
#endif
                                result = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                }
                case PT_16BF:
                case PT_32BF: {
                        /*
                                For float, because the initial value is a double,
                                there is very often a difference between the desired value and the obtained one
                        */
                        if (FLT_NEQ(checkvalfloat, initialvalue)) {
#if POSTGIS_RASTER_WARN_ON_TRUNCATION > 0
                                rtwarn("Value set for %s band got converted from %f to %f",
                                        rt_pixtype_name(pixtype),
                                        initialvalue, checkvalfloat
                                );
#endif
                                result = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                }
                case PT_64BF: {
                        if (FLT_NEQ(checkvaldouble, initialvalue)) {
#if POSTGIS_RASTER_WARN_ON_TRUNCATION > 0
                                rtwarn("Value set for %s band got converted from %f to %f",
                                        rt_pixtype_name(pixtype),
                                        initialvalue, checkvaldouble
                                );
#endif
                                result = 1;
                        }
                        break;
                }
                case PT_END:
                        break;
        }
 
        return result;
}