rt_wkb.c

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/*
 *
 * WKTRaster - Raster Types for PostGIS
 * http://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/wiki/WKTRaster
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2011-2013 Regents of the University of California
 *   <bkpark@ucdavis.edu>
 * Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Jorge Arevalo <jorge.arevalo@deimos-space.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2010-2011 David Zwarg <dzwarg@azavea.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Pierre Racine <pierre.racine@sbf.ulaval.ca>
 * Copyright (C) 2009-2011 Mateusz Loskot <mateusz@loskot.net>
 * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Sandro Santilli <strk@kbt.io>
 * Copyright (C) 2025 Darafei Praliaskouski <me@komzpa.net>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 *
 */
 
#include "librtcore.h"
#include "librtcore_internal.h"
#include "rt_serialize.h"
 
#include <inttypes.h>
 
/* Read band from WKB as at start of band */
static rt_band
rt_band_from_wkb(
        uint16_t width, uint16_t height,
        const uint8_t** ptr, const uint8_t* end,
        uint8_t littleEndian
) {
        rt_band band = NULL;
        int pixbytes = 0;
        uint8_t type = 0;
        size_t sz = 0;
        size_t v = 0;
 
        assert(NULL != ptr);
        assert(NULL != end);
 
        band = rtalloc(sizeof (struct rt_band_t));
        if (!band) {
                rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Out of memory allocating rt_band during WKB parsing");
                return NULL;
        }
        band->ownsdata = 0; /* assume we don't own data */
 
        if (end - *ptr < 1) {
                rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Premature end of WKB on band reading (%s:%d)",
                        __FILE__, __LINE__);
                rt_band_destroy(band);
                return NULL;
        }
        type = read_uint8(ptr);
 
        if ((type & BANDTYPE_PIXTYPE_MASK) >= PT_END) {
                rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Invalid pixtype %d", type & BANDTYPE_PIXTYPE_MASK);
                rt_band_destroy(band);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        band->pixtype = type & BANDTYPE_PIXTYPE_MASK;
        band->offline = BANDTYPE_IS_OFFDB(type) ? 1 : 0;
        band->hasnodata = BANDTYPE_HAS_NODATA(type) ? 1 : 0;
        band->isnodata = band->hasnodata ? (BANDTYPE_IS_NODATA(type) ? 1 : 0) : 0;
        band->width = width;
        band->height = height;
 
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, " Band pixtype:%s, offline:%d, hasnodata:%d",
                rt_pixtype_name(band->pixtype),
                band->offline,
                band->hasnodata
        );
 
        /* Check there's enough bytes to read nodata value */
        pixbytes = rt_pixtype_size(band->pixtype);
        if (((*ptr) + pixbytes) >= end) {
                rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Premature end of WKB on band novalue reading");
                rt_band_destroy(band);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        /* Read nodata value */
        switch (band->pixtype) {
                case PT_1BB: {
                        band->nodataval = ((int) read_uint8(ptr)) & 0x01;
                        break;
                }
                case PT_2BUI: {
                        band->nodataval = ((int) read_uint8(ptr)) & 0x03;
                        break;
                }
                case PT_4BUI: {
                        band->nodataval = ((int) read_uint8(ptr)) & 0x0F;
                        break;
                }
                case PT_8BSI: {
                        band->nodataval = read_int8(ptr);
                        break;
                }
                case PT_8BUI: {
                        band->nodataval = read_uint8(ptr);
                        break;
                }
                case PT_16BSI: {
                        band->nodataval = read_int16(ptr, littleEndian);
                        break;
                }
                case PT_16BUI: {
                        band->nodataval = read_uint16(ptr, littleEndian);
                        break;
                }
                case PT_32BSI: {
                        band->nodataval = read_int32(ptr, littleEndian);
                        break;
                }
                case PT_32BUI: {
                        band->nodataval = read_uint32(ptr, littleEndian);
                        break;
                }
                case PT_16BF: {
                        band->nodataval = rt_util_float16_to_float(read_uint16(ptr, littleEndian));
                        break;
                }
                case PT_32BF: {
                        band->nodataval = read_float32(ptr, littleEndian);
                        break;
                }
                case PT_64BF: {
                        band->nodataval = read_float64(ptr, littleEndian);
                        break;
                }
                default: {
                        rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Unknown pixeltype %d", band->pixtype);
                        rt_band_destroy(band);
                        return NULL;
                }
        }
 
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, " Nodata value: %g, pixbytes: %d, ptr @ %p, end @ %p",
                band->nodataval, pixbytes, *ptr, end);
 
        if (band->offline) {
                if (((*ptr) + 1) >= end) {
                        rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Premature end of WKB on offline "
                                "band data bandNum reading (%s:%d)",
                                __FILE__, __LINE__
                        );
                        rt_band_destroy(band);
                        return NULL;
                }
 
                band->data.offline.bandNum = read_int8(ptr);
                band->data.offline.mem = NULL;
 
                {
                        /* check we have a NULL-termination */
                        sz = 0;
                        while ((*ptr)[sz] && &((*ptr)[sz]) < end) ++sz;
                        if (&((*ptr)[sz]) >= end) {
                                rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Premature end of WKB on band offline path reading");
                                rt_band_destroy(band);
                                return NULL;
                        }
 
                        /* we never own offline band data */
                        band->ownsdata = 0;
 
                        band->data.offline.path = rtalloc(sz + 1);
                        if (band->data.offline.path == NULL) {
                                rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Out of memory allocating for offline path of band");
                                rt_band_destroy(band);
                                return NULL;
                        }
 
                        memcpy(band->data.offline.path, *ptr, sz);
                        band->data.offline.path[sz] = '\0';
 
                        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "OFFDB band path is %s (size is %zu)",
                                band->data.offline.path, sz);
 
                        *ptr += sz + 1;
 
                        /* TODO: How could we know if the offline band is a nodata band? */
                        /* trust in the force */
                        /*band->isnodata = FALSE;*/
                }
 
                return band;
        }
 
        /* This is an on-disk band */
        sz = (size_t)width * height * pixbytes;
        if (((*ptr) + sz) > end) {
                rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Premature end of WKB on band data reading (%s:%d)",
                        __FILE__, __LINE__);
                rt_band_destroy(band);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        band->data.mem = rtalloc(sz);
        if (!band->data.mem) {
                rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Out of memory during band creation in WKB parser");
                rt_band_destroy(band);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        band->ownsdata = 1; /* we DO own this data!!! */
        memcpy(band->data.mem, *ptr, sz);
        *ptr += sz;
 
        /* Should now flip values if > 8bit and
         * littleEndian != isMachineLittleEndian */
        if (pixbytes > 1) {
                if (isMachineLittleEndian() != littleEndian) {
                        void (*flipper)(uint8_t*) = 0;
                        uint8_t *flipme = NULL;
 
                        if (pixbytes == 2)
                                flipper = flip_endian_16;
                        else if (pixbytes == 4)
                                flipper = flip_endian_32;
                        else if (pixbytes == 8)
                                flipper = flip_endian_64;
                        else {
                                rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Unexpected pix bytes %d", pixbytes);
                                rt_band_destroy(band);
                                return NULL;
                        }
 
                        flipme = band->data.mem;
                        sz = (size_t)width * height;
                        for (v = 0; v < sz; ++v) {
                                flipper(flipme);
                                flipme += pixbytes;
                        }
                }
        }
        /* And should check for invalid values for < 8bit types */
        else if (
                band->pixtype == PT_1BB ||
                band->pixtype == PT_2BUI ||
                band->pixtype == PT_4BUI
        ) {
                uint8_t maxVal = band->pixtype == PT_1BB ? 1 : (band->pixtype == PT_2BUI ? 3 : 15);
                uint8_t val;
 
                sz = (size_t)width*height;
                for (v = 0; v < sz; ++v) {
                        val = ((uint8_t*) band->data.mem)[v];
                        if (val > maxVal) {
                                rterror("rt_band_from_wkb: Invalid value %d for pixel of type %s",
                                        val, rt_pixtype_name(band->pixtype));
                                rt_band_destroy(band);
                                return NULL;
                        }
                }
        }
 
        /* And we should check if the band is a nodata band */
        /* TODO: No!! This is too slow */
        /*rt_band_check_is_nodata(band);*/
 
        return band;
}
 
/* -4 for size, +1 for endian */
#define RT_WKB_HDR_SZ (sizeof(struct rt_raster_serialized_t)-4+1)
 
rt_raster
rt_raster_from_wkb(const uint8_t* wkb, uint32_t wkbsize) {
        const uint8_t *ptr = wkb;
        const uint8_t *wkbend = NULL;
        rt_raster rast = NULL;
        uint8_t endian = 0;
        uint16_t version = 0;
        uint16_t i = 0;
        uint16_t j = 0;
 
        assert(NULL != ptr);
 
        /* Check that wkbsize is >= sizeof(rt_raster_serialized) */
        if (wkbsize < RT_WKB_HDR_SZ) {
                rterror("rt_raster_from_wkb: wkb size (%" PRIu32
                        ") < min size (%zu)",
                        wkbsize, RT_WKB_HDR_SZ);
                return NULL;
        }
        wkbend = wkb + wkbsize;
 
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "Parsing header from wkb position %zu (expected 0)",
                d_binptr_to_pos(ptr, wkbend, wkbsize));
 
        CHECK_BINPTR_POSITION(ptr, wkbend, wkbsize, 0);
 
        /* Read endianness */
        endian = *ptr;
        ptr += 1;
 
        /* Read version of protocol */
        version = read_uint16(&ptr, endian);
        if (version != 0) {
                rterror("rt_raster_from_wkb: WKB version %d unsupported", version);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        /* Read other components of raster header */
        rast = (rt_raster) rtalloc(sizeof (struct rt_raster_t));
        if (!rast) {
                rterror("rt_raster_from_wkb: Out of memory allocating raster for wkb input");
                return NULL;
        }
 
        rast->numBands = read_uint16(&ptr, endian);
        rast->scaleX = read_float64(&ptr, endian);
        rast->scaleY = read_float64(&ptr, endian);
        rast->ipX = read_float64(&ptr, endian);
        rast->ipY = read_float64(&ptr, endian);
        rast->skewX = read_float64(&ptr, endian);
        rast->skewY = read_float64(&ptr, endian);
        rast->srid = clamp_srid(read_int32(&ptr, endian));
        rast->width = read_uint16(&ptr, endian);
        rast->height = read_uint16(&ptr, endian);
 
        /* Consistency checking, should have been checked before */
        assert(ptr <= wkbend);
 
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "rt_raster_from_wkb: Raster numBands: %d",
                rast->numBands);
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "rt_raster_from_wkb: Raster scale: %gx%g",
                rast->scaleX, rast->scaleY);
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "rt_raster_from_wkb: Raster ip: %gx%g",
                rast->ipX, rast->ipY);
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "rt_raster_from_wkb: Raster skew: %gx%g",
                rast->skewX, rast->skewY);
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "rt_raster_from_wkb: Raster srid: %d",
                rast->srid);
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "rt_raster_from_wkb: Raster dims: %dx%d",
                rast->width, rast->height);
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "Parsing raster header finished at wkb position %zu (expected 61)",
                d_binptr_to_pos(ptr, wkbend, wkbsize));
 
        CHECK_BINPTR_POSITION(ptr, wkbend, wkbsize, 61);
 
        /* Read all bands of raster */
        if (!rast->numBands) {
                /* Here ptr should have been left to right after last used byte */
                if (ptr < wkbend) {
                        rtwarn("%zu bytes of WKB remained unparsed", wkbend - ptr);
                }
                else if (ptr > wkbend) {
                        /* Easier to get a segfault before I guess */
                        rtwarn("We parsed %zu bytes more then available!", ptr - wkbend);
                }
 
                rast->bands = NULL;
                return rast;
        }
 
        /* Now read the bands */
        rast->bands = (rt_band*) rtalloc(sizeof(rt_band) * rast->numBands);
        if (!rast->bands) {
                rterror("rt_raster_from_wkb: Out of memory allocating bands for WKB raster decoding");
                rt_raster_destroy(rast);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        /* ptr should now point to start of first band */
        /* we should have checked this before */
        assert(ptr <= wkbend);
 
        for (i = 0; i < rast->numBands; ++i) {
                RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "Parsing band %d from wkb position %zu", i,
                        d_binptr_to_pos(ptr, wkbend, wkbsize));
 
                rt_band band = rt_band_from_wkb(rast->width, rast->height,
                        &ptr, wkbend, endian);
                if (!band) {
                        rterror("rt_raster_from_wkb: Error reading WKB form of band %d", i);
                        for (j = 0; j < i; j++) rt_band_destroy(rast->bands[j]);
                        rt_raster_destroy(rast);
                        return NULL;
                }
 
                band->raster = rast;
                rast->bands[i] = band;
        }
 
        /* Here ptr should have been left to right after last used byte */
        if (ptr < wkbend) {
                rtwarn("%zu bytes of WKB remained unparsed", wkbend - ptr);
        }
        else if (ptr > wkbend) {
                /* Easier to get a segfault before I guess */
                rtwarn("We parsed %zu bytes more then available!", ptr - wkbend);
        }
 
        return rast;
}
 
rt_raster
rt_raster_from_hexwkb(const char* hexwkb, uint32_t hexwkbsize) {
        rt_raster ret = NULL;
        uint8_t* wkb = NULL;
        uint32_t wkbsize = 0;
        uint32_t i = 0;
 
        assert(NULL != hexwkb);
 
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "input wkb: %s", hexwkb);
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "input wkbsize: %d", hexwkbsize);
 
        if (hexwkbsize % 2) {
                rterror("rt_raster_from_hexwkb: Raster HEXWKB input must have an even number of characters");
                return NULL;
        }
        wkbsize = hexwkbsize / 2;
 
        wkb = rtalloc(wkbsize);
        if (!wkb) {
                rterror("rt_raster_from_hexwkb: Out of memory allocating memory for decoding HEXWKB");
                return NULL;
        }
 
        /* parse full hex */
        for (i = 0; i < wkbsize; ++i) {
                wkb[i] = parse_hex((char*) & (hexwkb[i * 2]));
        }
 
        ret = rt_raster_from_wkb(wkb, wkbsize);
        rtdealloc(wkb); /* as long as rt_raster_from_wkb copies memory */
 
        return ret;
}
 
static uint32_t
rt_raster_wkb_size(rt_raster raster, int outasin) {
        uint32_t size = RT_WKB_HDR_SZ;
        uint16_t i = 0;
 
        assert(NULL != raster);
 
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "rt_raster_wkb_size: computing size for %d bands",
                raster->numBands);
 
        for (i = 0; i < raster->numBands; ++i) {
                rt_band band = raster->bands[i];
                rt_pixtype pixtype = band->pixtype;
                int pixbytes = rt_pixtype_size(pixtype);
 
                RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "rt_raster_wkb_size: adding size of band %d", i);
 
                if (pixbytes < 1) {
                        rterror("rt_raster_wkb_size: Corrupted band: unknown pixtype");
                        return 0;
                }
 
                /* Add space for band type */
                size += 1;
 
                /* Add space for nodata value */
                size += pixbytes;
 
                if (!outasin && band->offline) {
                        /* Add space for band number */
                        size += 1;
 
                        /* Add space for null-terminated path */
                        size += strlen(band->data.offline.path) + 1;
                }
                else {
                        /* Add space for actual data */
                        size += pixbytes * raster->width * raster->height;
                }
        }
 
        return size;
}
 
uint8_t *
rt_raster_to_wkb(rt_raster raster, int outasin, uint32_t *wkbsize) {
 
#if POSTGIS_DEBUG_LEVEL > 0
        const uint8_t *wkbend = NULL;
#endif
 
        uint8_t *wkb = NULL;
        uint8_t *ptr = NULL;
        uint16_t i = 0;
        uint8_t littleEndian = isMachineLittleEndian();
 
        assert(NULL != raster);
        assert(NULL != wkbsize);
 
        RASTER_DEBUG(2, "rt_raster_to_wkb: about to call rt_raster_wkb_size");
 
        *wkbsize = rt_raster_wkb_size(raster, outasin);
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "rt_raster_to_wkb: found size: %d", *wkbsize);
 
        wkb = (uint8_t*) rtalloc(*wkbsize);
        if (!wkb) {
                rterror("rt_raster_to_wkb: Out of memory allocating WKB for raster");
                return NULL;
        }
 
        ptr = wkb;
 
#if POSTGIS_DEBUG_LEVEL > 2
        wkbend = ptr + (*wkbsize);
#endif
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "Writing raster header to wkb on position %zu (expected 0)",
                d_binptr_to_pos(ptr, wkbend, *wkbsize));
 
        /* Write endianness */
        *ptr = littleEndian;
        ptr += 1;
 
        /* Write version(size - (end - ptr)) */
        write_uint16(&ptr, littleEndian, 0);
 
        /* Copy header (from numBands up) */
        memcpy(ptr, &(raster->numBands), sizeof (struct rt_raster_serialized_t) - 6);
        ptr += sizeof (struct rt_raster_serialized_t) - 6;
 
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "Writing bands header to wkb position %zu (expected 61)",
                d_binptr_to_pos(ptr, wkbend, *wkbsize));
 
        /* Serialize bands now */
        for (i = 0; i < raster->numBands; ++i) {
                rt_band band = raster->bands[i];
                rt_pixtype pixtype = band->pixtype;
                int pixbytes = rt_pixtype_size(pixtype);
 
                RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "Writing WKB for band %d", i);
                RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "Writing band pixel type to wkb position %zu",
                        d_binptr_to_pos(ptr, wkbend, *wkbsize));
 
                if (pixbytes < 1) {
                        rterror("rt_raster_to_wkb: Corrupted band: unknown pixtype");
                        rtdealloc(wkb);
                        return NULL;
                }
 
                /* Add band type */
                *ptr = band->pixtype;
                if (!outasin && band->offline) *ptr |= BANDTYPE_FLAG_OFFDB;
                if (band->hasnodata) *ptr |= BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA;
                if (band->isnodata) *ptr |= BANDTYPE_FLAG_ISNODATA;
                ptr += 1;
 
#if 0
                /* no padding required for WKB */
                /* Add padding (if needed) */
                if (pixbytes > 1) {
                        memset(ptr, '\0', pixbytes - 1);
                        ptr += pixbytes - 1;
                }
                /* Consistency checking (ptr is pixbytes-aligned) */
                assert(!(((uint64_t) ptr) % pixbytes));
#endif
 
                RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "Writing band nodata to wkb position %zu",
                        d_binptr_to_pos(ptr, wkbend, *wkbsize));
 
                /* Add nodata value */
                switch (pixtype) {
                        case PT_1BB:
                        case PT_2BUI:
                        case PT_4BUI:
                        case PT_8BUI: {
                                uint8_t v = band->nodataval;
                                *ptr = v;
                                ptr += 1;
                                break;
                        }
                        case PT_8BSI: {
                                int8_t v = band->nodataval;
                                *ptr = (uint8_t)v;
                                ptr += 1;
                                break;
                        }
                        case PT_16BSI: {
                                int16_t v = band->nodataval;
                                memcpy(ptr, &v, 2);
                                ptr += 2;
                                break;
                        }
                        case PT_16BUI: {
                                uint16_t v = band->nodataval;
                                memcpy(ptr, &v, 2);
                                ptr += 2;
                                break;
                        }
                        case PT_32BSI: {
                                int32_t v = band->nodataval;
                                memcpy(ptr, &v, 4);
                                ptr += 4;
                                break;
                        }
                        case PT_32BUI: {
                                uint32_t v = band->nodataval;
                                memcpy(ptr, &v, 4);
                                ptr += 4;
                                break;
                        }
                        case PT_16BF: {
                                uint16_t v = rt_util_float_to_float16((float)band->nodataval);
                                memcpy(ptr, &v, 2);
                                ptr += 2;
                                break;
                        }
                        case PT_32BF: {
                                float v = band->nodataval;
                                memcpy(ptr, &v, 4);
                                ptr += 4;
                                break;
                        }
                        case PT_64BF: {
                                memcpy(ptr, &band->nodataval, 8);
                                ptr += 8;
                                break;
                        }
                        default:
                                rterror("rt_raster_to_wkb: Fatal error caused by unknown pixel type. Aborting.");
                                rtdealloc(wkb);
                                abort(); /* shouldn't happen */
                                return 0;
                }
 
#if 0
                /* no padding for WKB */
                /* Consistency checking (ptr is pixbytes-aligned) */
                assert(!((uint64_t) ptr % pixbytes));
#endif
 
                if (!outasin && band->offline) {
                        /* Write band number */
                        *ptr = band->data.offline.bandNum;
                        ptr += 1;
 
                        /* Write path */
                        strcpy((char*) ptr, band->data.offline.path);
                        ptr += strlen(band->data.offline.path) + 1;
                }
                else {
                        /* Write data */
                        uint32_t datasize = raster->width * raster->height * pixbytes;
                        RASTER_DEBUGF(4, "rt_raster_to_wkb: Copying %d bytes", datasize);
 
                        memcpy(ptr, rt_band_get_data(band), datasize);
 
                        ptr += datasize;
                }
 
#if 0
                /* no padding for WKB */
                /* Pad up to 8-bytes boundary */
                while ((uint64_t) ptr % 8) {
                        *ptr = 0;
                        ++ptr;
                }
 
                /* Consistency checking (ptr is pixbytes-aligned) */
                assert(!((uint64_t) ptr % pixbytes));
#endif
        }
 
        return wkb;
}
 
char *
rt_raster_to_hexwkb(rt_raster raster, int outasin, uint32_t *hexwkbsize) {
        uint8_t *wkb = NULL;
        char* hexwkb = NULL;
        uint32_t wkbsize = 0;
 
        assert(NULL != raster);
        assert(NULL != hexwkbsize);
 
        RASTER_DEBUG(2, "rt_raster_to_hexwkb: calling rt_raster_to_wkb");
 
        wkb = rt_raster_to_wkb(raster, outasin, &wkbsize);
 
        RASTER_DEBUG(3, "rt_raster_to_hexwkb: rt_raster_to_wkb returned");
 
        *hexwkbsize = wkbsize * 2; /* hex is 2 times bytes */
        hexwkb = (char*) rtalloc((*hexwkbsize) + 1);
        if (!hexwkb) {
                rterror("rt_raster_to_hexwkb: Out of memory hexifying raster WKB");
                rtdealloc(wkb);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        char *optr = hexwkb;
        uint8_t *iptr = wkb;
        const char hexchar[]="0123456789ABCDEF";
        while (wkbsize--) {
                uint8_t v = *iptr++;
                *optr++ = hexchar[v>>4];
                *optr++ = hexchar[v & 0x0F];
        }
        *optr = '\0'; /* Null-terminate */
 
        rtdealloc(wkb); /* we don't need this anymore */
 
        RASTER_DEBUGF(3, "rt_raster_to_hexwkb: output wkb: %s", hexwkb);
        return hexwkb;
}