mvt.c

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/**********************************************************************
 *
 * PostGIS - Spatial Types for PostgreSQL
 * http://postgis.net
 *
 * PostGIS is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * PostGIS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with PostGIS.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 **********************************************************************
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2016-2017 Björn Harrtell <bjorn@wololo.org>
 *
 **********************************************************************/
 
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <math.h>
 
#include "mvt.h"
#include "lwgeom_geos.h"
#include "pgsql_compat.h"
 
#ifdef HAVE_LIBPROTOBUF
#include "utils/jsonb.h"
 
#include "lwgeom_wagyu.h"
 
#define uthash_fatal(msg) lwerror("uthash: fatal error (out of memory)")
#define uthash_malloc(sz) palloc(sz)
#define uthash_free(ptr,sz) pfree(ptr)
/* Note: set UTHASH_FUNCTION (not HASH_FUNCTION) to change the hash function */
#include "uthash.h"
 
#include "vector_tile.pb-c.h"
 
#define FEATURES_CAPACITY_INITIAL 50
 
enum mvt_cmd_id
{
        CMD_MOVE_TO = 1,
        CMD_LINE_TO = 2,
        CMD_CLOSE_PATH = 7
};
 
enum mvt_type
{
        MVT_POINT = 1,
        MVT_LINE = 2,
        MVT_RING = 3
};
 
struct mvt_kv_key
{
        char *name;
        uint32_t id;
        UT_hash_handle hh;
};
 
struct mvt_kv_value {
        VectorTile__Tile__Value value[1];
        uint32_t id;
        UT_hash_handle hh;
};
 
 
/* Must be >= 2, otherwise an overflow will occur at the first grow, as tags come in pairs */
#define TAGS_INITIAL_CAPACITY 20
 
/* This structure keeps track of the capacity of
 * the tags array while the feature is being built.
 */
struct feature_builder {
        bool has_id;
        uint64_t id;
 
        /* A growable array of tags */
        size_t n_tags;
        size_t tags_capacity;
        uint32_t *tags;
 
        /* The geometry of the feature. */
        VectorTile__Tile__GeomType type;
        size_t n_geometry;
        uint32_t *geometry;
};
 
static void feature_init(struct feature_builder *builder)
{
        builder->has_id = false;
        builder->n_tags = 0;
        builder->tags_capacity = TAGS_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
        builder->tags = palloc(TAGS_INITIAL_CAPACITY * sizeof(*builder->tags));
        builder->type = VECTOR_TILE__TILE__GEOM_TYPE__UNKNOWN;
        builder->n_geometry = 0;
        builder->geometry = NULL;
}
 
static VectorTile__Tile__Feature *feature_build(struct feature_builder *builder)
{
        VectorTile__Tile__Feature *feature = palloc(sizeof(*feature));
        vector_tile__tile__feature__init(feature);
 
        feature->has_id = builder->has_id;
        feature->id = builder->id;
        feature->n_tags = builder->n_tags;
        feature->tags = builder->tags;
        feature->type = builder->type;
        feature->n_geometry = builder->n_geometry;
        feature->geometry = builder->geometry;
        return feature;
}
 
static void feature_add_property(struct feature_builder *builder, uint32_t key_id, uint32_t value_id)
{
        size_t new_n_tags = builder->n_tags + 2;
        if (new_n_tags >= builder->tags_capacity)
        {
                size_t new_capacity = builder->tags_capacity * 2;
                builder->tags = repalloc(builder->tags, new_capacity * sizeof(*builder->tags));
                builder->tags_capacity = new_capacity;
        }
 
        builder->tags[builder->n_tags] = key_id;
        builder->tags[builder->n_tags + 1] = value_id;
        builder->n_tags = new_n_tags;
}
 
 
static inline uint32_t c_int(enum mvt_cmd_id id, uint32_t count)
{
        return (id & 0x7) | (count << 3);
}
 
static inline uint32_t p_int(int32_t value)
{
        return (value << 1) ^ (value >> 31);
}
 
static uint32_t encode_ptarray(enum mvt_type type, POINTARRAY *pa, uint32_t *buffer, int32_t *px, int32_t *py)
{
        uint32_t offset = 0;
        uint32_t i, c = 0;
        int32_t dx, dy, x, y;
        const POINT2D *p;
 
        /* loop points and add to buffer */
        for (i = 0; i < pa->npoints; i++)
        {
                /* move offset for command */
                if (i == 0 || (i == 1 && type > MVT_POINT))
                        offset++;
                /* skip closing point for rings */
                if (type == MVT_RING && i == pa->npoints - 1)
                        break;
                p = getPoint2d_cp(pa, i);
                x = p->x;
                y = p->y;
                dx = x - *px;
                dy = y - *py;
                buffer[offset++] = p_int(dx);
                buffer[offset++] = p_int(dy);
                *px = x;
                *py = y;
                c++;
        }
 
        /* determine initial move and eventual line command */
        if (type == MVT_POINT)
        {
                /* point or multipoint, use actual number of point count */
                buffer[0] = c_int(CMD_MOVE_TO, c);
        }
        else
        {
                /* line or polygon, assume count 1 */
                buffer[0] = c_int(CMD_MOVE_TO, 1);
                /* line command with move point subtracted from count */
                buffer[3] = c_int(CMD_LINE_TO, c - 1);
        }
 
        /* add close command if ring */
        if (type == MVT_RING)
                buffer[offset++] = c_int(CMD_CLOSE_PATH, 1);
 
        return offset;
}
 
static uint32_t encode_ptarray_initial(enum mvt_type type, POINTARRAY *pa, uint32_t *buffer)
{
        int32_t px = 0, py = 0;
        return encode_ptarray(type, pa, buffer, &px, &py);
}
 
static void encode_point(struct feature_builder *feature, LWPOINT *point)
{
        feature->type = VECTOR_TILE__TILE__GEOM_TYPE__POINT;
        feature->n_geometry = 3;
        feature->geometry = palloc(sizeof(*feature->geometry) * 3);
        encode_ptarray_initial(MVT_POINT, point->point, feature->geometry);
}
 
static void encode_mpoint(struct feature_builder *feature, LWMPOINT *mpoint)
{
        size_t c;
        // NOTE: inefficient shortcut LWMPOINT->LWLINE
        LWLINE *lwline = lwline_from_lwmpoint(mpoint->srid, mpoint);
        feature->type = VECTOR_TILE__TILE__GEOM_TYPE__POINT;
        c = 1 + lwline->points->npoints * 2;
        feature->geometry = palloc(sizeof(*feature->geometry) * c);
        feature->n_geometry = encode_ptarray_initial(MVT_POINT,
                lwline->points, feature->geometry);
}
 
static void encode_line(struct feature_builder *feature, LWLINE *lwline)
{
        size_t c;
        feature->type = VECTOR_TILE__TILE__GEOM_TYPE__LINESTRING;
        c = 2 + lwline->points->npoints * 2;
        feature->geometry = palloc(sizeof(*feature->geometry) * c);
        feature->n_geometry = encode_ptarray_initial(MVT_LINE,
                lwline->points, feature->geometry);
}
 
static void encode_mline(struct feature_builder *feature, LWMLINE *lwmline)
{
        uint32_t i;
        int32_t px = 0, py = 0;
        size_t c = 0, offset = 0;
        feature->type = VECTOR_TILE__TILE__GEOM_TYPE__LINESTRING;
        for (i = 0; i < lwmline->ngeoms; i++)
                c += 2 + lwmline->geoms[i]->points->npoints * 2;
        feature->geometry = palloc(sizeof(*feature->geometry) * c);
        for (i = 0; i < lwmline->ngeoms; i++)
                offset += encode_ptarray(MVT_LINE,
                        lwmline->geoms[i]->points,
                        feature->geometry + offset, &px, &py);
        feature->n_geometry = offset;
}
 
static void encode_poly(struct feature_builder *feature, LWPOLY *lwpoly)
{
        uint32_t i;
        int32_t px = 0, py = 0;
        size_t c = 0, offset = 0;
        feature->type = VECTOR_TILE__TILE__GEOM_TYPE__POLYGON;
        for (i = 0; i < lwpoly->nrings; i++)
                c += 3 + ((lwpoly->rings[i]->npoints - 1) * 2);
        feature->geometry = palloc(sizeof(*feature->geometry) * c);
        for (i = 0; i < lwpoly->nrings; i++)
                offset += encode_ptarray(MVT_RING,
                        lwpoly->rings[i],
                        feature->geometry + offset, &px, &py);
        feature->n_geometry = offset;
}
 
static void encode_mpoly(struct feature_builder *feature, LWMPOLY *lwmpoly)
{
        uint32_t i, j;
        int32_t px = 0, py = 0;
        size_t c = 0, offset = 0;
        LWPOLY *poly;
        feature->type = VECTOR_TILE__TILE__GEOM_TYPE__POLYGON;
        for (i = 0; i < lwmpoly->ngeoms; i++)
                for (j = 0; poly = lwmpoly->geoms[i], j < poly->nrings; j++)
                        c += 3 + ((poly->rings[j]->npoints - 1) * 2);
        feature->geometry = palloc(sizeof(*feature->geometry) * c);
        for (i = 0; i < lwmpoly->ngeoms; i++)
                for (j = 0; poly = lwmpoly->geoms[i], j < poly->nrings; j++)
                        offset += encode_ptarray(MVT_RING,
                                poly->rings[j], feature->geometry + offset,
                                &px, &py);
        feature->n_geometry = offset;
}
 
static void encode_feature_geometry(struct feature_builder *feature, LWGEOM *lwgeom)
{
        int type = lwgeom->type;
 
        switch (type)
        {
        case POINTTYPE:
                return encode_point(feature, (LWPOINT*)lwgeom);
        case LINETYPE:
                return encode_line(feature, (LWLINE*)lwgeom);
        case POLYGONTYPE:
                return encode_poly(feature, (LWPOLY*)lwgeom);
        case MULTIPOINTTYPE:
                return encode_mpoint(feature, (LWMPOINT*)lwgeom);
        case MULTILINETYPE:
                return encode_mline(feature, (LWMLINE*)lwgeom);
        case MULTIPOLYGONTYPE:
                return encode_mpoly(feature, (LWMPOLY*)lwgeom);
        default: elog(ERROR, "encode_feature_geometry: '%s' geometry type not supported",
                lwtype_name(type));
        }
}
 
static TupleDesc get_tuple_desc(mvt_agg_context *ctx)
{
        Oid tupType = HeapTupleHeaderGetTypeId(ctx->row);
        int32 tupTypmod = HeapTupleHeaderGetTypMod(ctx->row);
        TupleDesc tupdesc = lookup_rowtype_tupdesc(tupType, tupTypmod);
        return tupdesc;
}
 
static uint32_t get_key_index_with_size(mvt_agg_context *ctx, const char *name, size_t size)
{
        struct mvt_kv_key *kv;
        HASH_FIND(hh, ctx->keys_hash, name, size, kv);
        if (!kv)
                return UINT32_MAX;
        return kv->id;
}
 
static uint32_t add_key(mvt_agg_context *ctx, char *name)
{
        struct mvt_kv_key *kv;
        size_t size = strlen(name);
        kv = palloc(sizeof(*kv));
        kv->id = ctx->keys_hash_i++;
        kv->name = name;
        HASH_ADD_KEYPTR(hh, ctx->keys_hash, name, size, kv);
        return kv->id;
}
 
static void parse_column_keys(mvt_agg_context *ctx)
{
        uint32_t i, natts;
        bool geom_found = false;
 
        POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "parse_column_keys called");
 
        ctx->column_cache.tupdesc = get_tuple_desc(ctx);
        natts = ctx->column_cache.tupdesc->natts;
 
        ctx->column_cache.column_keys_index = palloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * natts);
        ctx->column_cache.column_oid = palloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * natts);
        ctx->column_cache.values = palloc(sizeof(Datum) * natts);
        ctx->column_cache.nulls = palloc(sizeof(bool) * natts);
 
        for (i = 0; i < natts; i++)
        {
                Oid typoid = getBaseType(TupleDescAttr(ctx->column_cache.tupdesc, i)->atttypid);
                char *tkey = TupleDescAttr(ctx->column_cache.tupdesc, i)->attname.data;
 
                ctx->column_cache.column_oid[i] = typoid;
 
                if (typoid == JSONBOID)
                {
                        ctx->column_cache.column_keys_index[i] = UINT32_MAX;
                        continue;
                }
 
                if (ctx->geom_name == NULL)
                {
                        if (!geom_found && typoid == postgis_oid(GEOMETRYOID))
                        {
                                ctx->geom_index = i;
                                geom_found = true;
                                continue;
                        }
                }
                else
                {
                        if (!geom_found && strcmp(tkey, ctx->geom_name) == 0)
                        {
                                ctx->geom_index = i;
                                geom_found = true;
                                continue;
                        }
                }
 
                if (ctx->id_name &&
                        (ctx->id_index == UINT32_MAX) &&
                        (strcmp(tkey, ctx->id_name) == 0) &&
                        (typoid == INT2OID || typoid == INT4OID || typoid == INT8OID))
                {
                        ctx->id_index = i;
                }
                else
                {
                        ctx->column_cache.column_keys_index[i] = add_key(ctx, pstrdup(tkey));
                }
        }
 
        if (!geom_found)
                elog(ERROR, "parse_column_keys: no geometry column found");
 
        if (ctx->id_name != NULL && ctx->id_index == UINT32_MAX)
                elog(ERROR, "mvt_agg_transfn: Could not find column '%s' of integer type", ctx->id_name);
}
 
static void encode_keys(mvt_agg_context *ctx)
{
        struct mvt_kv_key *kv;
        size_t n_keys = ctx->keys_hash_i;
        char **keys = palloc(n_keys * sizeof(*keys));
        for (kv = ctx->keys_hash; kv != NULL; kv=kv->hh.next)
                keys[kv->id] = kv->name;
        ctx->layer->n_keys = n_keys;
        ctx->layer->keys = keys;
 
        HASH_CLEAR(hh, ctx->keys_hash);
}
 
#define MVT_CREATE_VALUES(hash) \
        { \
                struct mvt_kv_value *kv; \
                for (kv = hash; kv != NULL; kv = kv->hh.next) \
                { \
                        values[kv->id] = kv->value; \
                } \
        }
 
static void encode_values(mvt_agg_context *ctx)
{
        VectorTile__Tile__Value **values;
        POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "encode_values called");
 
        values = palloc(ctx->values_hash_i * sizeof(*values));
        MVT_CREATE_VALUES(ctx->string_values_hash);
        MVT_CREATE_VALUES(ctx->float_values_hash);
        MVT_CREATE_VALUES(ctx->double_values_hash);
        MVT_CREATE_VALUES(ctx->uint_values_hash);
        MVT_CREATE_VALUES(ctx->sint_values_hash);
        MVT_CREATE_VALUES(ctx->bool_values_hash);
 
        POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "encode_values n_values: %d", ctx->values_hash_i);
        ctx->layer->n_values = ctx->values_hash_i;
        ctx->layer->values = values;
 
        /* Since the tupdesc is part of Postgresql cache, we need to ensure we release it when we
         * are done with it */
        ReleaseTupleDesc(ctx->column_cache.tupdesc);
        memset(&ctx->column_cache, 0, sizeof(ctx->column_cache));
 
}
 
#define MVT_PARSE_VALUE(hash, newvalue, size, pfvaluefield, pftype) \
        { \
                POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "MVT_PARSE_VALUE called"); \
                { \
                        struct mvt_kv_value *kv; \
                        unsigned hashv; \
                        HASH_VALUE(&newvalue, size, hashv); \
                        HASH_FIND_BYHASHVALUE(hh, ctx->hash, &newvalue, size, hashv, kv); \
                        if (!kv) \
                        { \
                                POSTGIS_DEBUG(4, "MVT_PARSE_VALUE value not found"); \
                                kv = palloc(sizeof(*kv)); \
                                POSTGIS_DEBUGF(4, "MVT_PARSE_VALUE new hash key: %d", ctx->values_hash_i); \
                                kv->id = ctx->values_hash_i++; \
                                vector_tile__tile__value__init(kv->value); \
                                kv->value->pfvaluefield = newvalue; \
                                kv->value->test_oneof_case = pftype; \
                                HASH_ADD_KEYPTR_BYHASHVALUE(hh, ctx->hash, &kv->value->pfvaluefield, size, hashv, kv); \
                        } \
                        feature_add_property(feature, k, kv->id); \
                } \
        }
 
#define MVT_PARSE_INT_VALUE(value) \
        { \
                if (value >= 0) \
                { \
                        uint64_t cvalue = value; \
                        MVT_PARSE_VALUE(uint_values_hash, \
                                        cvalue, \
                                        sizeof(uint64_t), \
                                        uint_value, \
                                        VECTOR_TILE__TILE__VALUE__TEST_ONEOF_UINT_VALUE); \
                } \
                else \
                { \
                        int64_t cvalue = value; \
                        MVT_PARSE_VALUE(sint_values_hash, \
                                        cvalue, \
                                        sizeof(int64_t), \
                                        sint_value, \
                                        VECTOR_TILE__TILE__VALUE__TEST_ONEOF_SINT_VALUE); \
                } \
        }
 
#define MVT_PARSE_DATUM(type, datumfunc, hash, size, pfvaluefield, pftype) \
        { \
                type value = datumfunc(datum); \
                MVT_PARSE_VALUE(hash, value, size, pfvaluefield, pftype); \
        }
 
#define MVT_PARSE_INT_DATUM(type, datumfunc) \
{ \
        type value = datumfunc(datum); \
        MVT_PARSE_INT_VALUE(value); \
}
 
static bool
add_value_as_string_with_size(mvt_agg_context *ctx, struct feature_builder *feature, char *value, size_t size, uint32_t k)
{
        bool kept = false;
        struct mvt_kv_value *kv;
        unsigned hashv;
        HASH_VALUE(value, size, hashv);
        POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "add_value_as_string called");
        HASH_FIND_BYHASHVALUE(hh, ctx->string_values_hash, value, size, hashv, kv);
        if (!kv)
        {
                POSTGIS_DEBUG(4, "add_value_as_string value not found");
                kv = palloc(sizeof(*kv));
                POSTGIS_DEBUGF(4, "add_value_as_string new hash key: %d",
                        ctx->values_hash_i);
                kv->id = ctx->values_hash_i++;
                vector_tile__tile__value__init(kv->value);
                kv->value->string_value = value;
                kv->value->test_oneof_case = VECTOR_TILE__TILE__VALUE__TEST_ONEOF_STRING_VALUE;
                HASH_ADD_KEYPTR_BYHASHVALUE(hh, ctx->string_values_hash, kv->value->string_value, size, hashv, kv);
                kept = true;
        }
 
        feature_add_property(feature, k, kv->id);
        return kept;
}
 
/* Adds a string to the stored values. Gets ownership of the string */
static void
add_value_as_string(mvt_agg_context *ctx, struct feature_builder *feature, char *value, uint32_t k)
{
        bool kept = add_value_as_string_with_size(ctx, feature, value, strlen(value), k);
        if (!kept)
                pfree(value);
}
 
/* Adds a Datum to the stored values as a string. */
static inline void
parse_datum_as_string(mvt_agg_context *ctx, struct feature_builder *feature, Oid typoid, Datum datum, uint32_t k)
{
        Oid foutoid;
        bool typisvarlena;
        char *value;
        POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "parse_value_as_string called");
        getTypeOutputInfo(typoid, &foutoid, &typisvarlena);
        value = OidOutputFunctionCall(foutoid, datum);
        POSTGIS_DEBUGF(4, "parse_value_as_string value: %s", value);
        add_value_as_string(ctx, feature, value, k);
}
 
static void parse_jsonb(mvt_agg_context *ctx, struct feature_builder *feature, Jsonb *jb)
{
        JsonbIterator *it;
        JsonbValue v;
        bool skipNested = false;
        JsonbIteratorToken r;
        uint32_t k;
 
        if (!JB_ROOT_IS_OBJECT(jb))
                return;
 
        it = JsonbIteratorInit(&jb->root);
 
        while ((r = JsonbIteratorNext(&it, &v, skipNested)) != WJB_DONE)
        {
                skipNested = true;
 
                if (r == WJB_KEY && v.type != jbvNull)
                {
 
                        k = get_key_index_with_size(ctx, v.val.string.val, v.val.string.len);
                        if (k == UINT32_MAX)
                        {
                                char *key = palloc(v.val.string.len + 1);
                                memcpy(key, v.val.string.val, v.val.string.len);
                                key[v.val.string.len] = '\0';
                                k = add_key(ctx, key);
                        }
 
                        r = JsonbIteratorNext(&it, &v, skipNested);
 
                        if (v.type == jbvString)
                        {
                                char *value = palloc(v.val.string.len + 1);
                                memcpy(value, v.val.string.val, v.val.string.len);
                                value[v.val.string.len] = '\0';
                                add_value_as_string(ctx, feature, value, k);
                        }
                        else if (v.type == jbvBool)
                        {
                                MVT_PARSE_VALUE(bool_values_hash,
                                                v.val.boolean,
                                                sizeof(protobuf_c_boolean),
                                                bool_value,
                                                VECTOR_TILE__TILE__VALUE__TEST_ONEOF_BOOL_VALUE);
                        }
                        else if (v.type == jbvNumeric)
                        {
                                char *str;
                                double d;
                                long l;
                                str = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(numeric_out,
                                        PointerGetDatum(v.val.numeric)));
                                d = strtod(str, NULL);
                                l = strtol(str, NULL, 10);
 
                                if (fabs(d - (double)l) > FLT_EPSILON)
                                {
                                        MVT_PARSE_VALUE(double_values_hash,
                                                        d,
                                                        sizeof(double),
                                                        double_value,
                                                        VECTOR_TILE__TILE__VALUE__TEST_ONEOF_DOUBLE_VALUE);
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        MVT_PARSE_INT_VALUE(l);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
}
 
static void set_feature_id(mvt_agg_context *ctx, struct feature_builder *feature, Datum datum, bool isNull)
{
        Oid typoid = ctx->column_cache.column_oid[ctx->id_index];
        int64_t value = INT64_MIN;
 
        if (isNull)
        {
                POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "set_feature_id: Ignored null value");
                return;
        }
 
        switch (typoid)
        {
        case INT2OID:
                value = DatumGetInt16(datum);
                break;
        case INT4OID:
                value = DatumGetInt32(datum);
                break;
        case INT8OID:
                value = DatumGetInt64(datum);
                break;
        default:
                elog(ERROR, "set_feature_id: Feature id type does not match");
        }
 
        if (value < 0)
        {
                POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "set_feature_id: Ignored negative value");
                return;
        }
 
        feature->has_id = true;
        feature->id = (uint64_t) value;
}
 
static void parse_values(mvt_agg_context *ctx, struct feature_builder *feature)
{
        uint32_t i;
        mvt_column_cache cc = ctx->column_cache;
        uint32_t natts = (uint32_t) cc.tupdesc->natts;
 
        HeapTupleData tuple;
 
        POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "parse_values called");
 
        /* Build a temporary HeapTuple control structure */
        tuple.t_len = HeapTupleHeaderGetDatumLength(ctx->row);
        ItemPointerSetInvalid(&(tuple.t_self));
        tuple.t_tableOid = InvalidOid;
        tuple.t_data = ctx->row;
 
        /* We use heap_deform_tuple as it costs only O(N) vs O(N^2) of GetAttributeByNum */
        heap_deform_tuple(&tuple, cc.tupdesc, cc.values, cc.nulls);
 
        POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "parse_values natts: %d", natts);
 
        for (i = 0; i < natts; i++)
        {
                char *key;
                Oid typoid;
                uint32_t k;
                Datum datum = cc.values[i];
 
                if (i == ctx->geom_index)
                        continue;
 
                if (i == ctx->id_index)
                {
                        set_feature_id(ctx, feature, datum, cc.nulls[i]);
                        continue;
                }
 
                if (cc.nulls[i])
                {
                        POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "parse_values isnull detected");
                        continue;
                }
 
                key = TupleDescAttr(cc.tupdesc, i)->attname.data;
                k = cc.column_keys_index[i];
                typoid = cc.column_oid[i];
 
                if (k == UINT32_MAX && typoid != JSONBOID)
                        elog(ERROR, "parse_values: unexpectedly could not find parsed key name '%s'", key);
                if (typoid == JSONBOID)
                {
                        parse_jsonb(ctx, feature, DatumGetJsonbP(datum));
                        continue;
                }
 
                switch (typoid)
                {
                case BOOLOID:
                        MVT_PARSE_DATUM(protobuf_c_boolean,
                                        DatumGetBool,
                                        bool_values_hash,
                                        sizeof(protobuf_c_boolean),
                                        bool_value,
                                        VECTOR_TILE__TILE__VALUE__TEST_ONEOF_BOOL_VALUE);
                        break;
                case INT2OID:
                        MVT_PARSE_INT_DATUM(int16_t, DatumGetInt16);
                        break;
                case INT4OID:
                        MVT_PARSE_INT_DATUM(int32_t, DatumGetInt32);
                        break;
                case INT8OID:
                        MVT_PARSE_INT_DATUM(int64_t, DatumGetInt64);
                        break;
                case FLOAT4OID:
                        MVT_PARSE_DATUM(float,
                                        DatumGetFloat4,
                                        float_values_hash,
                                        sizeof(float),
                                        float_value,
                                        VECTOR_TILE__TILE__VALUE__TEST_ONEOF_FLOAT_VALUE);
                        break;
                case FLOAT8OID:
                        MVT_PARSE_DATUM(double,
                                        DatumGetFloat8,
                                        double_values_hash,
                                        sizeof(double),
                                        double_value,
                                        VECTOR_TILE__TILE__VALUE__TEST_ONEOF_DOUBLE_VALUE);
                        break;
                case TEXTOID:
                        add_value_as_string(ctx, feature, text_to_cstring(DatumGetTextP(datum)), k);
                        break;
                case CSTRINGOID:
                        add_value_as_string(ctx, feature, DatumGetCString(datum), k);
                        break;
                default:
                        parse_datum_as_string(ctx, feature, typoid, datum, k);
                        break;
                }
        }
}
 
/* For a given geometry, look for the highest dimensional basic type, that is,
 * point, line or polygon */
static uint8_t
lwgeom_get_basic_type(LWGEOM *geom)
{
        switch(geom->type)
        {
        case POINTTYPE:
        case LINETYPE:
        case POLYGONTYPE:
                return geom->type;
        case TRIANGLETYPE:
                return POLYGONTYPE;
        case MULTIPOINTTYPE:
        case MULTILINETYPE:
        case MULTIPOLYGONTYPE:
                return geom->type - 3; /* Based on LWTYPE positions */
        case COLLECTIONTYPE:
        case TINTYPE:
        {
                uint32_t i;
                uint8_t type = 0;
                LWCOLLECTION *g = (LWCOLLECTION*)geom;
                for (i = 0; i < g->ngeoms; i++)
                {
                        LWGEOM *sg = g->geoms[i];
                        type = Max(type, lwgeom_get_basic_type(sg));
                }
                return type;
        }
        default:
                elog(ERROR, "%s: Invalid type (%d)", __func__, geom->type);
        }
}
 
 
static inline LWGEOM *
lwgeom_to_basic_type(LWGEOM *geom, uint8_t original_type)
{
        LWGEOM *geom_out = geom;
        if (lwgeom_get_type(geom) == COLLECTIONTYPE)
        {
                LWCOLLECTION *g = (LWCOLLECTION*)geom;
                geom_out = (LWGEOM *)lwcollection_extract(g, original_type);
        }
 
        /* If a collection only contains 1 geometry return than instead */
        if (lwgeom_is_collection(geom_out))
        {
                LWCOLLECTION *g = (LWCOLLECTION *)geom_out;
                if (g->ngeoms == 1)
                {
                        geom_out = g->geoms[0];
                }
        }
 
        geom_out->srid = geom->srid;
        return geom_out;
}
 
/* Clips a geometry using lwgeom_clip_by_rect. Might return NULL */
static LWGEOM *
mvt_unsafe_clip_by_box(LWGEOM *lwg_in, GBOX *clip_box)
{
        LWGEOM *geom_clipped;
        GBOX geom_box;
 
        gbox_init(&geom_box);
        FLAGS_SET_GEODETIC(geom_box.flags, 0);
        lwgeom_calculate_gbox(lwg_in, &geom_box);
 
        if (!gbox_overlaps_2d(&geom_box, clip_box))
        {
                POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "mvt_geom: geometry outside clip box");
                return NULL;
        }
 
        if (gbox_contains_2d(clip_box, &geom_box))
        {
                POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "mvt_geom: geometry contained fully inside the box");
                return lwg_in;
        }
 
        geom_clipped = lwgeom_clip_by_rect(lwg_in, clip_box->xmin, clip_box->ymin, clip_box->xmax, clip_box->ymax);
        if (!geom_clipped || lwgeom_is_empty(geom_clipped))
                return NULL;
        return geom_clipped;
}
 
/* Clips a geometry for MVT using GEOS.
 * Does NOT work for polygons
 * Might return NULL
 */
static LWGEOM *
mvt_clip_and_validate_geos(LWGEOM *lwgeom, uint8_t basic_type, uint32_t extent, uint32_t buffer, bool clip_geom)
{
        LWGEOM *ng = lwgeom;
        assert(lwgeom->type != POLYGONTYPE);
        assert(lwgeom->type != MULTIPOLYGONTYPE);
 
        if (clip_geom)
        {
                gridspec grid = {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0};
                GBOX bgbox;
                bgbox.xmax = bgbox.ymax = (double)extent + (double)buffer;
                bgbox.xmin = bgbox.ymin = -(double)buffer;
                FLAGS_SET_GEODETIC(bgbox.flags, 0);
 
                ng = mvt_unsafe_clip_by_box(ng, &bgbox);
 
                /* Make sure there is no pending float values (clipping can do that) */
                lwgeom_grid_in_place(ng, &grid);
        }
 
        return ng;
}
 
static LWGEOM *
mvt_clip_and_validate(LWGEOM *lwgeom, uint8_t basic_type, uint32_t extent, uint32_t buffer, bool clip_geom)
{
        GBOX clip_box = {0};
        LWGEOM *clipped_lwgeom;
 
        /* Wagyu only supports polygons. Default to geos for other types */
        lwgeom = lwgeom_to_basic_type(lwgeom, POLYGONTYPE);
        if (lwgeom->type != POLYGONTYPE && lwgeom->type != MULTIPOLYGONTYPE)
        {
                return mvt_clip_and_validate_geos(lwgeom, basic_type, extent, buffer, clip_geom);
        }
 
        if (!clip_geom)
        {
                /* With clipping disabled, we request a clip with the geometry bbox to force validation */
                lwgeom_calculate_gbox(lwgeom, &clip_box);
        }
        else
        {
                clip_box.xmax = clip_box.ymax = (double)extent + (double)buffer;
                clip_box.xmin = clip_box.ymin = -(double)buffer;
        }
 
        clipped_lwgeom = lwgeom_wagyu_clip_by_box(lwgeom, &clip_box);
 
        return clipped_lwgeom;
}
 
LWGEOM *mvt_geom(LWGEOM *lwgeom, const GBOX *gbox, uint32_t extent, uint32_t buffer,
        bool clip_geom)
{
        AFFINE affine = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
        gridspec grid = {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0};
        double width = gbox->xmax - gbox->xmin;
        double height = gbox->ymax - gbox->ymin;
        double fx, fy;
        const uint8_t basic_type = lwgeom_get_basic_type(lwgeom);
        int preserve_collapsed = LW_FALSE;
        POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "mvt_geom called");
 
        /* Simplify it as soon as possible */
        lwgeom = lwgeom_to_basic_type(lwgeom, basic_type);
 
        /* Short circuit out on EMPTY */
        if (lwgeom_is_empty(lwgeom))
                return NULL;
 
        fx = extent / width;
        fy = -(extent / height);
 
        /* If geometry has disappeared, you're done */
        if (lwgeom_is_empty(lwgeom))
                return NULL;
 
        /* transform to tile coordinate space */
        affine.afac = fx;
        affine.efac = fy;
        affine.ifac = 1;
        affine.xoff = -gbox->xmin * fx;
        affine.yoff = -gbox->ymax * fy;
        lwgeom_affine(lwgeom, &affine);
 
        /* Snap to integer precision, removing duplicate points */
        lwgeom_grid_in_place(lwgeom, &grid);
 
        /* Remove points on straight lines */
        lwgeom_simplify_in_place(lwgeom, 0, preserve_collapsed);
 
        /* Remove duplicates in multipoints */
        if (lwgeom->type == MULTIPOINTTYPE)
                lwgeom_remove_repeated_points_in_place(lwgeom, 0);
 
        if (!lwgeom || lwgeom_is_empty(lwgeom))
                return NULL;
 
        lwgeom = mvt_clip_and_validate(lwgeom, basic_type, extent, buffer, clip_geom);
        if (!lwgeom || lwgeom_is_empty(lwgeom))
                return NULL;
 
        return lwgeom;
}
 
void mvt_agg_init_context(mvt_agg_context *ctx)
{
        VectorTile__Tile__Layer *layer;
 
        POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "mvt_agg_init_context called");
 
        if (ctx->extent == 0)
                elog(ERROR, "mvt_agg_init_context: extent cannot be 0");
 
        ctx->tile = NULL;
        ctx->features_capacity = FEATURES_CAPACITY_INITIAL;
        ctx->keys_hash = NULL;
        ctx->string_values_hash = NULL;
        ctx->float_values_hash = NULL;
        ctx->double_values_hash = NULL;
        ctx->uint_values_hash = NULL;
        ctx->sint_values_hash = NULL;
        ctx->bool_values_hash = NULL;
        ctx->values_hash_i = 0;
        ctx->keys_hash_i = 0;
        ctx->id_index = UINT32_MAX;
        ctx->geom_index = UINT32_MAX;
 
        memset(&ctx->column_cache, 0, sizeof(ctx->column_cache));
 
        layer = palloc(sizeof(*layer));
        vector_tile__tile__layer__init(layer);
        layer->version = 2;
        layer->name = ctx->name;
        layer->extent = ctx->extent;
        layer->features = palloc(ctx->features_capacity * sizeof(*layer->features));
 
        ctx->layer = layer;
}
 
void mvt_agg_transfn(mvt_agg_context *ctx)
{
        bool isnull = false;
        Datum datum;
        GSERIALIZED *gs;
        LWGEOM *lwgeom;
        struct feature_builder feature_builder;
        VectorTile__Tile__Layer *layer = ctx->layer;
        POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "mvt_agg_transfn called");
 
        /* geom_index is the cached index of the geometry. if missing, it needs to be initialized */
        if (ctx->geom_index == UINT32_MAX)
                parse_column_keys(ctx);
 
        /* Get the geometry column */
        datum = GetAttributeByNum(ctx->row, ctx->geom_index + 1, &isnull);
        if (isnull) /* Skip rows that have null geometry */
                return;
 
        /* Allocate a new feature object */
        feature_init(&feature_builder);
 
        /* Deserialize the geometry */
        gs = (GSERIALIZED *) PG_DETOAST_DATUM(datum);
        lwgeom = lwgeom_from_gserialized(gs);
 
        /* Set the geometry of the feature */
        encode_feature_geometry(&feature_builder, lwgeom);
        lwgeom_free(lwgeom);
        // TODO: free detoasted datum?
 
        /* Parse properties */
        parse_values(ctx, &feature_builder);
 
        /* Grow the features array of the layer */
        POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "mvt_agg_transfn encoded feature count: %zd", layer->n_features);
        if (layer->n_features >= ctx->features_capacity)
        {
                size_t new_capacity = ctx->features_capacity * 2;
                layer->features = repalloc(layer->features, new_capacity *
                        sizeof(*layer->features));
                ctx->features_capacity = new_capacity;
                POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "mvt_agg_transfn new_capacity: %zd", new_capacity);
        }
 
        /* Build and add the feature to the layer */
        layer->features[layer->n_features++] = feature_build(&feature_builder);
}
 
static VectorTile__Tile * mvt_ctx_to_tile(mvt_agg_context *ctx)
{
        int n_layers = 1;
        VectorTile__Tile *tile;
        encode_keys(ctx);
        encode_values(ctx);
 
        tile = palloc(sizeof(VectorTile__Tile));
        vector_tile__tile__init(tile);
        tile->layers = palloc(sizeof(VectorTile__Tile__Layer*) * n_layers);
        tile->layers[0] = ctx->layer;
        tile->n_layers = n_layers;
        return tile;
}
 
static bytea *mvt_ctx_to_bytea(mvt_agg_context *ctx)
{
        /* Fill out the tile slot, if it's not already filled. */
        /* We should only have a filled slot when all the work of building */
        /* out the data is complete, so after a serialize/deserialize cycle */
        /* or after a context combine */
        size_t len;
        bytea *ba;
 
        if (!ctx->tile)
        {
                ctx->tile = mvt_ctx_to_tile(ctx);
        }
 
        /* Zero features => empty bytea output */
        if (ctx && ctx->layer && ctx->layer->n_features == 0)
        {
                bytea* ba_empty = palloc(VARHDRSZ);
                SET_VARSIZE(ba_empty, VARHDRSZ);
                return ba_empty;
        }
 
        /* Serialize the Tile */
        len = VARHDRSZ + vector_tile__tile__get_packed_size(ctx->tile);
        ba = palloc(len);
        vector_tile__tile__pack(ctx->tile, (uint8_t*)VARDATA(ba));
        SET_VARSIZE(ba, len);
        return ba;
}
 
 
bytea * mvt_ctx_serialize(mvt_agg_context *ctx)
{
        return mvt_ctx_to_bytea(ctx);
}
 
static void * mvt_allocator(__attribute__((__unused__)) void *data, size_t size)
{
        return palloc(size);
}
 
static void mvt_deallocator(__attribute__((__unused__)) void *data, void *ptr)
{
        return pfree(ptr);
}
 
mvt_agg_context * mvt_ctx_deserialize(const bytea *ba)
{
        ProtobufCAllocator allocator =
        {
                mvt_allocator,
                mvt_deallocator,
                NULL
        };
 
        size_t len = VARSIZE_ANY_EXHDR(ba);
        VectorTile__Tile *tile = vector_tile__tile__unpack(&allocator, len, (uint8_t*)VARDATA(ba));
        mvt_agg_context *ctx = palloc(sizeof(mvt_agg_context));
        memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(mvt_agg_context));
        ctx->tile = tile;
        return ctx;
}
 
static VectorTile__Tile__Layer *
vectortile_layer_combine(VectorTile__Tile__Layer *layer, VectorTile__Tile__Layer *layer2)
{
        const uint32_t key_offset = layer->n_keys;
        const uint32_t value_offset = layer->n_values;
        const uint32_t feature_offset = layer->n_features;
 
        if (!layer->n_keys)
        {
                layer->keys = layer2->keys;
                layer->n_keys = layer2->n_keys;
        }
        else if (layer2->n_keys)
        {
                layer->keys = repalloc(layer->keys, sizeof(char *) * (layer->n_keys + layer2->n_keys));
                memcpy(&layer->keys[key_offset], layer2->keys, sizeof(char *) * layer2->n_keys);
                layer->n_keys += layer2->n_keys;
        }
 
        if (!layer->n_values)
        {
                layer->values = layer2->values;
                layer->n_values = layer2->n_values;
        }
        else if (layer2->n_values)
        {
                layer->values =
                    repalloc(layer->values, sizeof(VectorTile__Tile__Value *) * (layer->n_values + layer2->n_values));
                memcpy(
                    &layer->values[value_offset], layer2->values, sizeof(VectorTile__Tile__Value *) * layer2->n_values);
                layer->n_values += layer2->n_values;
        }
 
        if (!layer->n_features)
        {
                layer->features = layer2->features;
                layer->n_features = layer2->n_features;
        }
        else if (layer2->n_features)
        {
                layer->features = repalloc(
                    layer->features, sizeof(VectorTile__Tile__Feature *) * (layer->n_features + layer2->n_features));
                memcpy(&layer->features[feature_offset], layer2->features, sizeof(char *) * layer2->n_features);
                layer->n_features += layer2->n_features;
                /* We need to adapt the indexes of the copied features */
                for (uint32_t i = feature_offset; i < layer->n_features; i++)
                {
                        for (uint32_t t = 0; t < layer->features[i]->n_tags; t += 2)
                        {
                                layer->features[i]->tags[t] += key_offset;
                                layer->features[i]->tags[t + 1] += value_offset;
                        }
                }
        }
 
        return layer;
}
 
 
static VectorTile__Tile *
vectortile_tile_combine(VectorTile__Tile *tile1, VectorTile__Tile *tile2)
{
        uint32_t i, j;
        VectorTile__Tile *tile;
 
        /* Hopelessly messing up memory ownership here */
        if (tile1->n_layers == 0 && tile2->n_layers == 0)
                return tile1;
        else if (tile1->n_layers == 0)
                return tile2;
        else if (tile2->n_layers == 0)
                return tile1;
 
        tile = palloc(sizeof(VectorTile__Tile));
        vector_tile__tile__init(tile);
        tile->layers = palloc(sizeof(void*));
        tile->n_layers = 0;
 
        /* Merge all matching layers in the files (basically always only one) */
        for (i = 0; i < tile1->n_layers; i++)
        {
                for (j = 0; j < tile2->n_layers; j++)
                {
                        VectorTile__Tile__Layer *l1 = tile1->layers[i];
                        VectorTile__Tile__Layer *l2 = tile2->layers[j];
                        if (strcmp(l1->name, l2->name)==0)
                        {
                                VectorTile__Tile__Layer *layer = vectortile_layer_combine(l1, l2);
                                if (!layer)
                                        continue;
                                tile->layers[tile->n_layers++] = layer;
                                /* Add a spare slot at the end of the array */
                                tile->layers = repalloc(tile->layers, (tile->n_layers+1) * sizeof(void*));
                        }
                }
        }
        return tile;
}
 
mvt_agg_context * mvt_ctx_combine(mvt_agg_context *ctx1, mvt_agg_context *ctx2)
{
        if (ctx1 || ctx2)
        {
                if (ctx1 && ! ctx2) return ctx1;
                if (ctx2 && ! ctx1) return ctx2;
                if (ctx1 && ctx2 && ctx1->tile && ctx2->tile)
                {
                        mvt_agg_context *ctxnew = palloc(sizeof(mvt_agg_context));
                        memset(ctxnew, 0, sizeof(mvt_agg_context));
                        ctxnew->tile = vectortile_tile_combine(ctx1->tile, ctx2->tile);
                        return ctxnew;
                }
                else
                {
                        elog(DEBUG2, "ctx1->tile = %p", ctx1->tile);
                        elog(DEBUG2, "ctx2->tile = %p", ctx2->tile);
                        elog(ERROR, "%s: unable to combine contexts where tile attribute is null", __func__);
                        return NULL;
                }
        }
        else
        {
                return NULL;
        }
}
 
bytea *mvt_agg_finalfn(mvt_agg_context *ctx)
{
        return mvt_ctx_to_bytea(ctx);
}
 
 
#endif