説明

文字列住所 (または正規化された住所)を引数に取り、NAD 83経度緯度のポイントジオメトリ (geomout)、個々のnormalized_address (addy)、評価値 (rating)からなる、可能性のある位置の集合を出力します。評価値が低いほど合致度が高くなります。Tigerデータ (エッジ、フェイス、住所)、PostgreSQLあいまい文字列合致 (soundex,levenshtein)を使い、Tigerデータのエッジに沿った住所の補間のためにPostGIS線補間関数を使用っています。評価値が高いほどジオコードの正確度が低くなります。ジオコードされたポイントは、ストリート住所を中心線から左/右に移動しますが、デフォルトでは10メートルです。

Enhanced: 2.0.0 Tiger 2010構造のデータに対応しました。実行速度とジオコーディング精度を改善し、ストリート住所の位置を中心線から側線に移動するための改訂を行いました。また、良い結果の数を指定したり、最も良い結果だけを返すようにするのに使う新しいパラメータmax_resultsを導入しました。

例: 基本

下の例は、3.0GHzの単一プロセッサと2GBのメモリを持つWindows 7機で、PostgreSQL 9.1rc1/PostGIS 2.0を走らせて、MA, MN, CA, RI の各州のTigerデータをロードしたものです。

完全一致は速いです (61ミリ秒)

SELECT g.rating, ST_X(g.geomout) As lon, ST_Y(g.geomout) As lat,
    (addy).address As stno, (addy).streetname As street,
    (addy).streettypeabbrev As styp, (addy).location As city, (addy).stateabbrev As st,(addy).zip
    FROM geocode('75 State Street, Boston MA 02109', 1) As g;
 rating |        lon        |      lat       | stno | street | styp |  city  | st |  zip
--------+-------------------+----------------+------+--------+------+--------+----+-------
      0 | -71.0557505845646 | 42.35897920691 |   75 | State  | St   | Boston | MA | 02109

郵便番号を渡さない場合でも推測可能です (122-150ミリ秒かかりました)

SELECT g.rating, ST_AsText(ST_SnapToGrid(g.geomout,0.00001)) As wktlonlat,
    (addy).address As stno, (addy).streetname As street,
    (addy).streettypeabbrev As styp, (addy).location As city, (addy).stateabbrev As st,(addy).zip
    FROM geocode('226 Hanover Street, Boston, MA',1) As g;
 rating |         wktlonlat         | stno | street  | styp |  city  | st |  zip
--------+---------------------------+------+---------+------+--------+----+-------
      1 | POINT(-71.05528 42.36316) |  226 | Hanover | St   | Boston | MA | 02113

綴りの誤りを処理して、一つ以上の可能性のある答を評価値付きで提供すると遅くなります (500ミリ秒)。

SELECT g.rating, ST_AsText(ST_SnapToGrid(g.geomout,0.00001)) As wktlonlat,
    (addy).address As stno, (addy).streetname As street,
    (addy).streettypeabbrev As styp, (addy).location As city, (addy).stateabbrev As st,(addy).zip
    FROM geocode('31 - 37 Stewart Street, Boston, MA 02116',1) As g;
 rating |         wktlonlat         | stno | street | styp |  city  | st |  zip
--------+---------------------------+------+--------+------+--------+----+-------
     70 | POINT(-71.06466 42.35114) |   31 | Stuart | St   | Boston | MA | 02116
    

複数住所のジオコードバッチ処理を行います。max_results=1とすると最も簡単です。まだジオコードを行っていない (評価値が無い)もののみ処理します。

CREATE TABLE addresses_to_geocode(addid serial PRIMARY KEY, address text,
        lon numeric, lat numeric, new_address text, rating integer);

INSERT INTO addresses_to_geocode(address)
VALUES ('529 Main Street, Boston MA, 02129'),
 ('77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139'),
 ('25 Wizard of Oz, Walaford, KS 99912323'),
 ('26 Capen Street, Medford, MA'),
 ('124 Mount Auburn St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138'),
 ('950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610');

-- only update the first 3 addresses (323-704 ms -  there are caching and shared memory effects so first geocode you do is always slower) --
-- for large numbers of addresses you don't want to update all at once
-- since the whole geocode must commit at once
-- For this example we rejoin with LEFT JOIN
-- and set to rating to -1 rating if no match
-- to ensure we don't regeocode a bad address
UPDATE addresses_to_geocode
  SET  (rating, new_address, lon, lat)
    = ( COALESCE(g.rating,-1), pprint_addy(g.addy),
       ST_X(g.geomout)::numeric(8,5), ST_Y(g.geomout)::numeric(8,5) )
FROM (SELECT addid, address
    FROM addresses_to_geocode
    WHERE rating IS NULL ORDER BY addid LIMIT 3) As a
    LEFT JOIN LATERAL geocode(a.address,1) As g ON true
WHERE a.addid = addresses_to_geocode.addid;

result
-----
Query returned successfully: 3 rows affected, 480 ms execution time.

SELECT * FROM addresses_to_geocode WHERE rating is not null;

 addid |                   address                    |    lon    |   lat    |                new_address                | rating
-------+----------------------------------------------+-----------+----------+-------------------------------------------+--------
     1 | 529 Main Street, Boston MA, 02129            | -71.07177 | 42.38357 | 529 Main St, Boston, MA 02129             |      0
     2 | 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 | -71.09396 | 42.35961 | 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 |      0
     3 | 25 Wizard of Oz, Walaford, KS 99912323       | -97.92913 | 38.12717 | Willowbrook, KS 67502                     |    108
(3 rows)

例: ジオメトリフィルタの使用

SELECT g.rating, ST_AsText(ST_SnapToGrid(g.geomout,0.00001)) As wktlonlat,
    (addy).address As stno, (addy).streetname As street,
    (addy).streettypeabbrev As styp,
    (addy).location As city, (addy).stateabbrev As st,(addy).zip
  FROM geocode('100 Federal Street, MA',
        3,
        (SELECT ST_Union(the_geom)
            FROM place WHERE statefp = '25' AND name = 'Lynn')::geometry
        ) As g;

 rating |         wktlonlat         | stno | street  | styp | city | st |  zip
--------+---------------------------+------+---------+------+------+----+-------
      7 | POINT(-70.96796 42.4659)  |  100 | Federal | St   | Lynn | MA | 01905
     16 | POINT(-70.96786 42.46853) | NULL | Federal | St   | Lynn | MA | 01905
(2 rows)

Time: 622.939 ms
          

関連情報

Normalize_Address, Pprint_Addy, ST_AsText, ST_SnapToGrid, ST_X, ST_Y