<-> — Returns the 2D distance between the centroids of A and B bounding boxes.
double precision <->(
geometry
A
,
geometry
B
)
;
The <->
operator returns the 2D distance between the
centroids of the bounding boxes of two geometries. Useful for doing
nearest neighbor approximate distance
ordering.
This operand will make use of 2D GiST indexes that may be available on the geometries. It is different from other operators that use spatial indexes in that the spatial index is only used when the operator is in the ORDER BY clause. |
Index only kicks in if one of the geometries is a constant (not in a subquery/cte). e.g. 'SRID=3005;POINT(1011102 450541)'::geometry instead of a.geom |
Refer to OpenGeo workshop: Nearest-Neighbour Searching for real live example.
Availability: 2.0.0 -- KNN only available for PostgreSQL 9.1+
SELECT ST_Distance(geom, 'SRID=3005;POINT(1011102 450541)'::geometry) as d,edabbr, vaabbr FROM va2005 ORDER BY d limit 10; d | edabbr | vaabbr ------------------+--------+-------- 0 | ALQ | 128 5541.57712511724 | ALQ | 129A 5579.67450712005 | ALQ | 001 6083.4207708641 | ALQ | 131 7691.2205404848 | ALQ | 003 7900.75451037313 | ALQ | 122 8694.20710669982 | ALQ | 129B 9564.24289057111 | ALQ | 130 12089.665931705 | ALQ | 127 18472.5531479404 | ALQ | 002 (10 rows)
Then the KNN raw answer:
SELECT st_distance(geom, 'SRID=3005;POINT(1011102 450541)'::geometry) as d,edabbr, vaabbr FROM va2005 ORDER BY geom <-> 'SRID=3005;POINT(1011102 450541)'::geometry limit 10; d | edabbr | vaabbr ------------------+--------+-------- 0 | ALQ | 128 5579.67450712005 | ALQ | 001 5541.57712511724 | ALQ | 129A 8694.20710669982 | ALQ | 129B 9564.24289057111 | ALQ | 130 6083.4207708641 | ALQ | 131 12089.665931705 | ALQ | 127 24795.264503022 | ALQ | 124 24587.6584922302 | ALQ | 123 26764.2555463114 | ALQ | 125 (10 rows)
Note the misordering in the actual distances and the different entries that actually show up in the top 10.
Finally the hybrid:
WITH index_query AS ( SELECT ST_Distance(geom, 'SRID=3005;POINT(1011102 450541)'::geometry) as d,edabbr, vaabbr FROM va2005 ORDER BY geom <-> 'SRID=3005;POINT(1011102 450541)'::geometry LIMIT 100) SELECT * FROM index_query ORDER BY d limit 10; d | edabbr | vaabbr ------------------+--------+-------- 0 | ALQ | 128 5541.57712511724 | ALQ | 129A 5579.67450712005 | ALQ | 001 6083.4207708641 | ALQ | 131 7691.2205404848 | ALQ | 003 7900.75451037313 | ALQ | 122 8694.20710669982 | ALQ | 129B 9564.24289057111 | ALQ | 130 12089.665931705 | ALQ | 127 18472.5531479404 | ALQ | 002 (10 rows)