Nome
ST_Transform — Reprojeta um raster em um sistema de referência espacial conhecido para outro usando um algorítimo resampling especificado. As opções são NearestNeighbor, Bilinear, Cubic, CubicSpline, Lanczos com o padrão sendo NearestNeighbor.
Sinopse
raster ST_Transform(raster rast, integer srid, text algorithm=NearestNeighbor, double precision maxerr=0.125, double precision scalex, double precision scaley);
raster ST_Transform(raster rast, integer srid, double precision scalex, double precision scaley, text algorithm=NearestNeighbor, double precision maxerr=0.125);
raster ST_Transform(raster rast, raster alignto, text algorithm=NearestNeighbor, double precision maxerr=0.125);
Description
Reprojeta um raster em um sistema de referência espacial conhecido para outro usando um algorítimo pixel warping especificado. Usa "NearestNeighbor" se nenhum algorítimo for especificado e a porcentagem maxerror de 0.125 se nenhum maxerr for especificado.
As opções de algorítimo são: 'NearestNeighbor', 'Bilinear', 'Cubic', 'CubicSpline', e 'Lanczos'. Recorra a: GDAL Warp resampling methods para mais detalhes.
Geralmente, aST_Transform confundida com a ST_SetSRID(). Na verdade, a ST_Transform modifica as coordenadas de um raster (e resample os valores do pixel) de um sistema de referência espacial para outro, enquanto a ST_SetSRID() só altera o identificador de SRID do raster.
Diferente das outras variantes, a 3 requer um raster referência como alignto. O raster transformado será alterado para o sistema de referência espacial (SRID) do raster referência e será alinhado (ST_SameAlignment = VERDADE) ao raster referência.
![[Nota]](../images/note.png)
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If you find your transformation support is not working right, you may need to set the environment variable PROJSO to the projection library your PostGIS build is using. This just needs to have the name of the file. So for example on windows, you would in Control Panel -> System -> Environment Variables add a system variable called |
![[Atenção]](../images/warning.png)
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When transforming a coverage of tiles, you almost always want to use a reference raster to insure same alignment and no gaps in your tiles as demonstrated in example: Variant 3. |
Disponibilidade: 2.0.0 Requer GDAL 1.6.1+
Melhorias: 2.1.0 Adição da variante ST_Transform(rast, alignto)
Exemplos
Compare a source raster with nearest-neighbor and bilinear reprojections. The diagonal bands make the resampling behavior visible: nearest-neighbor keeps hard pixel steps, while bilinear smooths values between pixels. All three figures are generated from this query at manual build time.
WITH rows AS (
SELECT
y,
array_agg(
((
x * 3 + y * 5
+ CASE WHEN (x + y) % 8 < 4 THEN 80 ELSE 0 END
) % 255)::double precision
ORDER BY x
) AS row_values
FROM generate_series(1, 80) AS y
CROSS JOIN generate_series(1, 80) AS x
GROUP BY y
), source AS (
SELECT ST_SetValues(
ST_AddBand(
ST_MakeEmptyRaster(
80, 80,
-500000, 600000,
2500, -2500,
0, 0,
2163
),
1, '8BUI', 0, NULL
),
1, 1, 1,
array_agg(row_values ORDER BY y)::double precision[][]
) AS rast
FROM rows
), transformed AS (
SELECT
rast,
ST_Transform(rast, 4326, 'NearestNeighbor') AS nearest,
ST_Transform(rast, 4326, 'Bilinear') AS bilinear
FROM source
)
SELECT
ST_AsPNG(rast) AS "source (EPSG:2163)",
ST_AsPNG(nearest) AS "nearest (EPSG:4326)",
ST_AsPNG(bilinear) AS "bilinear (EPSG:4326)"
FROM transformed;
PNG image, 80 x 80 pixels | PNG image, 98 x 64 pixels | PNG image, 98 x 64 pixels
Raster reprojection and resampling.
Massachusetts State Plane source |
WGS 84 nearest-neighbor |
WGS 84 bilinear |
Variant 3.
A seguir está a diferença entre usar ST_Transform(raster, srid) e ST_Transform(raster, alignto)
WITH foo AS (
SELECT 0 AS rid, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -500000, 600000, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 1, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
SELECT 1, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499800, 600000, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 2, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
SELECT 2, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499600, 600000, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 3, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
SELECT 3, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -500000, 599800, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 10, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
SELECT 4, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499800, 599800, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 20, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
SELECT 5, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499600, 599800, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 30, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
SELECT 6, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -500000, 599600, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 100, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
SELECT 7, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499800, 599600, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 200, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
SELECT 8, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499600, 599600, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 300, 0) AS rast
), bar AS (
SELECT
ST_Transform(rast, 4269) AS alignto
FROM foo
LIMIT 1
), baz AS (
SELECT
rid,
rast,
ST_Transform(rast, 4269) AS not_aligned,
ST_Transform(rast, alignto) AS aligned
FROM foo
CROSS JOIN bar
)
SELECT
ST_Collect(ST_ConvexHull(not_aligned) ORDER BY rid) AS not_aligned,
ST_Collect(ST_ConvexHull(aligned) ORDER BY rid) AS aligned
FROM baz
MULTIPOLYGON(((-107.007 50.2,-107.005 50.2,-107.005 50.198,-107.007 50.198,-107.007 50.2)),((-107.004 50.201,-107.002 50.201,-107.002 50.198,-107.004 50.198,-107.004 50.201)),((-107.001 50.201,-106.999 50.201,-106.999 50.198,-107.001 50.198,-107.001 50.201)),((-107.007 50.199,-107.004 50.199,-107.004 50.196,-107.007 50.196,-107.007 50.199)),((-107.004 50.199,-107.001 50.199,-107.001 50.196,-107.004 50.196,-107.004 50.199)),((-107.001 50.199,-106.999 50.199,-106.999 50.196,-107.001 50.196,-107.001 50.199)),((-107.006 50.197,-107.004 50.197,-107.004 50.194,-107.006 50.194,-107.006 50.197)),((-107.004 50.197,-107.001 50.197,-107.001 50.194,-107.004 50.194,-107.004 50.197)),((-107.001 50.197,-106.998 50.197,-106.998 50.195,-107.001 50.195,-107.001 50.197))) | MULTIPOLYGON(((-107.007 50.2,-107.005 50.2,-107.005 50.198,-107.007 50.198,-107.007 50.2)),((-107.005 50.202,-107.001 50.202,-107.001 50.198,-107.005 50.198,-107.005 50.202)),((-107.002 50.202,-106.998 50.202,-106.998 50.198,-107.002 50.198,-107.002 50.202)),((-107.007 50.199,-107.003 50.199,-107.003 50.195,-107.007 50.195,-107.007 50.199)),((-107.005 50.199,-107.001 50.199,-107.001 50.195,-107.005 50.195,-107.005 50.199)),((-107.002 50.199,-106.998 50.199,-106.998 50.195,-107.002 50.195,-107.002 50.199)),((-107.007 50.198,-107.003 50.198,-107.003 50.194,-107.007 50.194,-107.007 50.198)),((-107.005 50.198,-107.001 50.198,-107.001 50.194,-107.005 50.194,-107.005 50.198)),((-107.002 50.198,-106.998 50.198,-106.998 50.194,-107.002 50.194,-107.002 50.198)))