ST_Transform
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Name

ST_Transform — Projiziert einen Raster von einem bekannten Koordinatenreferenzsystem in ein anderes bekanntes Koordinatenreferenzsystem um. Die Optionen für die Skalierung sind NearestNeighbor, Bilinear, Cubisch, CubicSpline und der Lanczos-Filter, die Standardeinstellung ist NearestNeighbor.

Übersicht

raster ST_Transform(raster rast, integer srid, text algorithm=NearestNeighbor, double precision maxerr=0.125, double precision scalex, double precision scaley);

raster ST_Transform(raster rast, integer srid, double precision scalex, double precision scaley, text algorithm=NearestNeighbor, double precision maxerr=0.125);

raster ST_Transform(raster rast, raster alignto, text algorithm=NearestNeighbor, double precision maxerr=0.125);

Description

Projiziert einen Raster von einem bekannten Koordinatenreferenzsystem in ein anderes bekanntes Koordinatenreferenzsystem um. Verwendet den angegebenen Algorithmus für die Interpolation der Pixelwerte. Wenn kein Algorithmus angegeben ist, wird 'NearestNeighbor' verwendet. Wenn "maxerr" nicht angegeben ist, wird ein Prozentsatz von 0.125 angenommen.

Die Optionen für den Algorithmus sind: 'NearestNeighbor', 'Bilinear', 'Cubic', 'CubicSpline' und 'Lanczos'. Siehe GDAL Warp resampling methods für weitere Details.

ST_Transform wird oft mit ST_SetSRID() verwechselt. ST_Transform ändert die Koordinaten der Geometrie tatsächlich (und die Pixelwerte mittels "resampling") von einem Koordinatenreferenzsystem auf ein anderes, während ST_SetSRID() nur den Identifikator "SRID" des Rasters ändert.

Anders als die anderen Varianten, benötigt Variante 3 einen Referenzraster für den Parameter alignto. Der Raster wird in das Koordinatenreferenzsystem (SRID) des Referenzrasters transformiert und an dem Referenzraster ausgerichtet (ST_SameAlignment = TRUE).

[Anmerkung]

If you find your transformation support is not working right, you may need to set the environment variable PROJSO to the projection library your PostGIS build is using. This just needs to have the name of the file. So for example on windows, you would in Control Panel -> System -> Environment Variables add a system variable called PROJSO and set it to libproj.dll. You'll have to restart your PostgreSQL service/daemon after this change.

[Warnung]

Bei der Umwandlung einer Abdeckung von Kacheln sollten Sie fast immer ein Referenzraster verwenden, um sicherzustellen, dass die Kacheln gleich ausgerichtet sind und keine Lücken aufweisen, wie im Beispiel gezeigt: Variante 3.

Verfügbarkeit: 2.0.0 benötigt GDAL 1.6.1+

Erweiterung: 2.1.0 Variante ST_Transform(rast, alignto) hinzugefügt

Beispiele

Compare a source raster with nearest-neighbor and bilinear reprojections. The diagonal bands make the resampling behavior visible: nearest-neighbor keeps hard pixel steps, while bilinear smooths values between pixels. All three figures are generated from this query at manual build time.

Code
WITH rows AS (
    SELECT
        y,
        array_agg(
            ((
                    x * 3 + y * 5
                    + CASE WHEN (x + y) % 8 < 4 THEN 80 ELSE 0 END
                ) % 255)::double precision
            ORDER BY x
        ) AS row_values
    FROM generate_series(1, 80) AS y
    CROSS JOIN generate_series(1, 80) AS x
    GROUP BY y
), source AS (
    SELECT ST_SetValues(
        ST_AddBand(
            ST_MakeEmptyRaster(
                80, 80,
                -500000, 600000,
                2500, -2500,
                0, 0,
                2163
            ),
            1, '8BUI', 0, NULL
        ),
        1, 1, 1,
        array_agg(row_values ORDER BY y)::double precision[][]
    ) AS rast
    FROM rows
), transformed AS (
    SELECT
        rast,
        ST_Transform(rast, 4326, 'NearestNeighbor') AS nearest,
        ST_Transform(rast, 4326, 'Bilinear') AS bilinear
    FROM source
)
SELECT
    ST_AsPNG(rast) AS "source (EPSG:2163)",
    ST_AsPNG(nearest) AS "nearest (EPSG:4326)",
    ST_AsPNG(bilinear) AS "bilinear (EPSG:4326)"
FROM transformed;
Ausgabe von Rastern
PNG image, 80 x 80 pixels | PNG image, 98 x 64 pixels | PNG image, 98 x 64 pixels
Figure
Geometry figure for visual-rt-st-transform-01

Raster reprojection and resampling.

Massachusetts State Plane source

WGS 84 nearest-neighbor

WGS 84 bilinear

Variant 3.

Im Folgenden wird der Unterschied zwischen der Verwendung von ST_Transform(raster, srid) und ST_Transform(raster, alignto) gezeigt

Code
WITH foo AS (
    SELECT 0 AS rid, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -500000, 600000, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 1, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
    SELECT 1, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499800, 600000, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 2, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
    SELECT 2, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499600, 600000, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 3, 0) AS rast UNION ALL

    SELECT 3, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -500000, 599800, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 10, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
    SELECT 4, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499800, 599800, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 20, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
    SELECT 5, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499600, 599800, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 30, 0) AS rast UNION ALL

    SELECT 6, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -500000, 599600, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 100, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
    SELECT 7, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499800, 599600, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 200, 0) AS rast UNION ALL
    SELECT 8, ST_AddBand(ST_MakeEmptyRaster(2, 2, -499600, 599600, 100, -100, 0, 0, 2163), 1, '16BUI', 300, 0) AS rast
), bar AS (
    SELECT
        ST_Transform(rast, 4269) AS alignto
    FROM foo
    LIMIT 1
), baz AS (
    SELECT
        rid,
        rast,
        ST_Transform(rast, 4269) AS not_aligned,
        ST_Transform(rast, alignto) AS aligned
    FROM foo
    CROSS JOIN bar
)
SELECT
    ST_Collect(ST_ConvexHull(not_aligned) ORDER BY rid) AS not_aligned,
    ST_Collect(ST_ConvexHull(aligned) ORDER BY rid) AS aligned
FROM baz
Ausgabe von Rastern
MULTIPOLYGON(((-107.007 50.2,-107.005 50.2,-107.005 50.198,-107.007 50.198,-107.007 50.2)),((-107.004 50.201,-107.002 50.201,-107.002 50.198,-107.004 50.198,-107.004 50.201)),((-107.001 50.201,-106.999 50.201,-106.999 50.198,-107.001 50.198,-107.001 50.201)),((-107.007 50.199,-107.004 50.199,-107.004 50.196,-107.007 50.196,-107.007 50.199)),((-107.004 50.199,-107.001 50.199,-107.001 50.196,-107.004 50.196,-107.004 50.199)),((-107.001 50.199,-106.999 50.199,-106.999 50.196,-107.001 50.196,-107.001 50.199)),((-107.006 50.197,-107.004 50.197,-107.004 50.194,-107.006 50.194,-107.006 50.197)),((-107.004 50.197,-107.001 50.197,-107.001 50.194,-107.004 50.194,-107.004 50.197)),((-107.001 50.197,-106.998 50.197,-106.998 50.195,-107.001 50.195,-107.001 50.197))) | MULTIPOLYGON(((-107.007 50.2,-107.005 50.2,-107.005 50.198,-107.007 50.198,-107.007 50.2)),((-107.005 50.202,-107.001 50.202,-107.001 50.198,-107.005 50.198,-107.005 50.202)),((-107.002 50.202,-106.998 50.202,-106.998 50.198,-107.002 50.198,-107.002 50.202)),((-107.007 50.199,-107.003 50.199,-107.003 50.195,-107.007 50.195,-107.007 50.199)),((-107.005 50.199,-107.001 50.199,-107.001 50.195,-107.005 50.195,-107.005 50.199)),((-107.002 50.199,-106.998 50.199,-106.998 50.195,-107.002 50.195,-107.002 50.199)),((-107.007 50.198,-107.003 50.198,-107.003 50.194,-107.007 50.194,-107.007 50.198)),((-107.005 50.198,-107.001 50.198,-107.001 50.194,-107.005 50.194,-107.005 50.198)),((-107.002 50.198,-106.998 50.198,-106.998 50.194,-107.002 50.194,-107.002 50.198)))
Figure
Geometry figure for visual-rt-st-transform-02

Siehe auch

ST_Transform, ST_SetSRID