Descrição

Para tipo geometria, retorna a menor distância cartesiana 3-dimensional entre duas geometrias em unidades projetadas (spatial ref units).

For geography types defaults to return the minimum geodesic distance between two geographies in meters, compute on the spheroid determined by the SRID. If use_spheroid is false, a faster spherical calculation is used.

This method implements the OGC Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL 1.1.

This method implements the SQL/MM specification. SQL-MM 3: 5.1.23

This method supports Circular Strings and Curves.

Disponibilidade: 1.5.0 suporte de geografia foi introduzido em 1.5. Melhorias na velocidade para planar para lidar melhor com mais ou maiores vértices de geometrias.

Enhanced: 2.1.0 improved speed for geography. See Making Geography faster for details.

Melhorias: 2.1.0 - suporte para geometrias curvas foi introduzido.

Melhorias: 2.2.0 - medição em esferoides desempenhada com GeographicLib para uma melhor precisão e força. Requer Proj >= 4.9.0 para tirar vantagem da nova característica.

Changed: 3.0.0 - does not depend on SFCGAL anymore.

Exemplos de Geometria

Geometry example - units in planar degrees 4326 is WGS 84 long lat, units are degrees.

SELECT ST_Distance(
    'SRID=4326;POINT(-72.1235 42.3521)'::geometry,
    'SRID=4326;LINESTRING(-72.1260 42.45, -72.123 42.1546)'::geometry );
-----------------
0.00150567726382282

Geometry example - units in meters (SRID: 3857, proportional to pixels on popular web maps). Although the value is off, nearby ones can be compared correctly, which makes it a good choice for algorithms like KNN or KMeans.

SELECT ST_Distance(
    ST_Transform('SRID=4326;POINT(-72.1235 42.3521)'::geometry, 3857),
    ST_Transform('SRID=4326;LINESTRING(-72.1260 42.45, -72.123 42.1546)'::geometry, 3857) );
-----------------
167.441410065196

Geometry example - units in meters (SRID: 3857 as above, but corrected by cos(lat) to account for distortion)

SELECT ST_Distance(
    ST_Transform('SRID=4326;POINT(-72.1235 42.3521)'::geometry, 3857),
    ST_Transform('SRID=4326;LINESTRING(-72.1260 42.45, -72.123 42.1546)'::geometry, 3857)
                ) * cosd(42.3521);
-----------------
123.742351254151

Geometry example - units in meters (SRID: 26986 Massachusetts state plane meters) (most accurate for Massachusetts)

SELECT ST_Distance(
    ST_Transform('SRID=4326;POINT(-72.1235 42.3521)'::geometry, 26986),
    ST_Transform('SRID=4326;LINESTRING(-72.1260 42.45, -72.123 42.1546)'::geometry, 26986) );
-----------------
123.797937878454

Geometry example - units in meters (SRID: 2163 US National Atlas Equal area) (least accurate)

SELECT ST_Distance(
    ST_Transform('SRID=4326;POINT(-72.1235 42.3521)'::geometry, 2163),
    ST_Transform('SRID=4326;LINESTRING(-72.1260 42.45, -72.123 42.1546)'::geometry, 2163) );
------------------
126.664256056812

Exemplos de Geografia

Same as geometry example but note units in meters - use sphere for slightly faster and less accurate computation.

SELECT ST_Distance(gg1, gg2) As spheroid_dist, ST_Distance(gg1, gg2, false) As sphere_dist
FROM (SELECT
    'SRID=4326;POINT(-72.1235 42.3521)'::geography as gg1,
    'SRID=4326;LINESTRING(-72.1260 42.45, -72.123 42.1546)'::geography as gg2
        ) As foo  ;

  spheroid_dist   |   sphere_dist
------------------+------------------
 123.802076746848 | 123.475736916397

Veja também

ST_3DDistance, ST_DWithin, ST_DistanceSphere, ST_DistanceSpheroid, ST_MaxDistance, ST_HausdorffDistance, ST_FrechetDistance, ST_Transform